<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tonsils undergo hypertrophy due to recurrent infection or as a part of generalized lymphoid hypertrophy. There is a good correlation between clinical tonsil grade and objective tonsil volume in adult snorers and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients.Relationship between clinical grading, oropharyngeal tonsil volume and total tonsil volume has been investigated in OSA patients but a very few in recurrent tonsillitis patients<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 50 tonsillectomy specimens from 25 patients who underwent tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis were evaluated for tonsil volume oropharyngeal volume. These volumes were evaluated by a mathematical formula. Total volume, oropharyngeal and tonsillar volume were correlated with clinical grading of the tonsil. Also neck circumference, body mass index was assessed and correlation with clinical grading was found out with spearman correlation coefficient<span lang="EN-IN">.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A spearman’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between 50 tonsillectomy specimens for total volume and clinical grading. There was a moderate positive monotonic correlation between total tonsil volume and clinical grading (rs =0.407, n =50, p &lt;0.01, Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level 2-tailed) and there was a mild positive monotonic correlation between intraoral tonsil volume and clinical grading (rs =0.351, n =50, p &lt;0.05 Correlation was significant at the 0.05 level 2-tailed)<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Total tonsil volume and oropharyngeal volume correlates well with clinical grading of the tonsil. BMI and neck circumference does not correlate with the clinical grading of the tonsil<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

Introduction ‘Failure to thrive’ is considered to be an indication for adenotonsillectomy in children. There is contrasting evidence regarding weight gain in children following adenotonsillectomy. The objective of this study is to evaluate weight change post adenotonsillectomy. Materials and Methods A prospective study conducted on 45 children of age between 5 to 15 years, who underwent adenotonsillectomy in our hospital. Weight is calculated at three different period i.e. preoperative, postoperatively at 3 and 6 months and compared with standard Indian Academy of Paediatrics (IAP) weight for age. Results Out of 45 children 62.2% were less than 10 years of age with a male preponderance of 60%. 55.6% had normal birth weight. Preoperatively the average weight of the participants was 25.69 kg when compared to IAP normal weight for age which was 29.67 kg. Postoperatively at 6 months it was 28.19 kg as opposed to the expected weight of 31.88 kg. Conclusion The weight gain post adeno-tonsillectomy failed to meet the expected IAP value and was below the expected value. Hence there was no significant weight change following adenotonsillectomy.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) because of disease nature and location of vital structures like middle ear ossicles, facial nerve, and lateral semicircular canal poses clinical as well as radiological challenge in diagnosis, especially the squamosal variety. Hence this study to evaluate radio-surgical correlation in cases of CSOM.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We retrospectively analysed 92 case records who met the inclusion criteria. Their pre-operative high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) temporal bone imaging was evaluated for erosion of the ossicular chain and the fallopian canal. This was correlated with the surgical findings noted intra-operatively. The appropriate statistical analysis was carried out. The radio-surgical correlation was evaluated by Cohen’s kappa value.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The kappa value for status of ossicular chain was 0.805 and 0.384 for status of fallopian canal. HRCT imaging had a positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 94.3% and 85.3% respectively, in detecting ossicular chain erosion. In detecting fallopian canal erosion, HRCT showed a sensitivity of 33.3%. Analysing the individual ossicles, we found kappa to be 0.266 for malleus, 0.463 for incus and 0.827 for stapes.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There was excellent radio-surgical correlation for ossicular chain erosion while it was poor for fallopian canal erosion. HRCT showed excellent radio-surgical correlation for stapes, moderate for incus and poor for malleus. In-spite of its shortcomings in differentiating cholesteatoma and non-cholesteatomatous pathologies of the middle ear cleft, HRCT imaging plays a key role in assessing the status of the ossicles and fallopian canal.</p><p> </p>

Aim: To present the clinicopathological profile, surgical management, and the outcome of parapharyngeal space (PPS) neoplasms in 14 patients. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective review of the clinical records of 14 patients treated for PPS tumors. The age of patients ranged from 24 to 54 years, with female to male ratio of 1.3:1. The commonest clinical presentation was a slowgrowing, painless neck swelling. The preoperative protocol was based on: (1) imaging study to establish site, size, and anatomical relationships. (2) Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed to determine the nature of the mass. Details of the management, morbidity, and outcome of these patients are presented. Results: A total of 85.7% of the PPS neoplasms were benign and 14.2% were malignant. Majority of the benign tumors were of neurogenic origin. The histocytopathology confirmed 12 (85.7%) of these diagnoses (2 patients were with "nondiagnostic" result). The positive predictive value of the FNAC was 83.3% for benign tumors and 100% for malignant tumors. In 6 patients (60%), a transcervical surgery was performed. Three patients (30%) underwent transparotid-transcervical surgery for a pleomorphic adenoma of the deep lobe of the parotid gland in the prestyloid space and transcervical-transmandibular approach was taken in 1 case (10%). Postoperative complications occurred in 3 out of 10 patients (33.3%). Conclusion: The results of our study are in agreement with other studies reported in the literature and confirm the need to follow a careful preoperative diagnostic protocol that must take advantage of imaging studies (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) and of cytology FNAC, in order to plan surgical treatment with a safe approach and that reduces complications, esthetic and functional damage, and the risk of recurrence.

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