A novel compact patch antenna with Defected Ground structure (DGS) operating for Wireless applications is proposed and investigated. This proposed antenna generates four separate resonances to cover 3.271 GHz (WiMax), 4.92 GHz (WiFi), 6.35 GHz (Space applications), and 11.04 GHz (Fixed Satellite applications) while maintaining overall compact size of 32 × 32 × 1.6 mm 3 using an FR-4 substrate commonly available with a permittivity of ε r = 4.4. The proposed microstrip patch antenna (MSPA) consists of a square radiator in which a periodic slot is etched out along with square defects on ground surface and a microstrip feed line. The periodic slot with DGS modifies the total current path thereby making the antenna operate at five useful bands. Structure displays the impedance bandwidth of 8.

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A coplanar wave guide fed fork shaped antenna is designed with reconfigurability for switching between the application bands of LTE, Wi-Fi and WLAN. A novel closed hut shaped ground plane structure is used in the construction of the antenna model for good impedance matching with the feed line. The basic structure of the antenna model is working in the UWB range from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The adjacent strips of the monopole consisting of the slots for the placement of PIN diodes. The switching operation of the diodes providing frequency reconfigurability nature in the antenna between LTE (2.1-2.2 GHz), Wi-Fi (2.4 to 2.7 GHz) and WLAN (5.6-5.8 GHz) bands. Antenna is providing peak realized gain of 4.5 dB and efficiency more than 70% in the operating bands. The prototyped antenna is providing excellent measurement results in correlation with simulation results obtained from CST Microwave Studio.

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Background: The era of flexible antennas started long ago because they are cost-effective while offering several advantages, such as good flexibility, stretchability, and compactness. Although several synthetic and natural polymers with good flexibility are available, the first flexible antenna is designed with polyimide materials (polymers), often known as engineering plastics. Objective: To fabricate a compact antenna with a higher gain than other existing ones and the bending loss of the proposed antenna is lower than other existing ones, this study proposes an ideal antenna. Methods: A polyimide (PI)-based flexible antenna with a defected ground structure is proposed for telemedicine and wireless applications, and we implement this antenna using microstrip feeding. The proposed antenna consists of a polyimide substrate with a thickness of 0.1 mm, a relative permittivity of 3.15, a loss factor of 0.0013, and a compact overall size of 25 x 32 x 0.1 mm3. Results: The proposed antenna operates on three frequencies, including 2.4 GHz (ISM or telemedicine application), 5.5 GHz (WiMAX band), and 7.5 GHz (wireless radio band). The proposed antenna produces impedance bandwidths of 10.16%, 14.54%, and 5.33% at frequencies of 2.4 GHz, 5.5 GHz, and 7.5 GHz, with gains of 4.9 dB, 5.1 dB, and 5 dB. Conclusion: The proposed antenna is simulated using Ansys High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. A good agreement is found between the measured and simulated results.