The article presents the results of scientific and experimental studies on the creation of ceramic refractory material. Montmorillonite clay (bentonite-like) of the Pogodaevsky deposit and ferro-dust from self-decaying slags of low-carbon ferrochrome of the Aktobe ferroalloy plant were selected as the most effective types of raw materials in terms of their physico-mechanical properties and chemico-mineralogical composition. The composition of ceramic mass in chamotte - ferro dust - binder and rational technological parameters of molding, drying and firing was developed. The basic physical and mechanical properties of the obtained ceramic samples, which have high strength, average density, low linear thermal expansion coefficient and fire shrinkage, are studied. Ceramic samples based on the proposed raw material composition can withstand temperatures up to 1350 С, which is 200-300 С higher than ceramic samples based on clay raw materials. The high strength indices and refractoriness of samples are explained by the fact that in result of heat treatment of the studied ceramic composition, a densely sintered framework with reinforced refractory minerals such as forsterite Mg2 (SiO4) and spinel (MgAl2O4) is formed. The prospects of this research area are associated with the creation of innovative technologies for the production of popular refractory materials, but also with an environmental issue. Processing of technogenic resources of Kazakhstan will not only reduce the consumption of natural resources, but also reduce the human impact on the environment.

The article presents the results of studying the physic-mechanical and chemical-mineralogical characteristics of raw materials and proposes a clay-based raw material composition to create technology for ceramic pavers by vibrocompression using talc rock. The of ceramic compositions for the production of ceramic pavers are studied taking into account the dominant factors of a two-component mixture to improve the molding, drying and physic-mechanical properties of the finished product. It was found that the introduction of talc into the ceramic composition promotes the formation of high-temperature phases of augite and amphibole, and enhances the processes of mineral formation in clay, with the formation of high-temperature phases - sanidine, ackermanite and augite, which provide samples with high physical and mechanical properties. The basic laws of the structure and phase formation of ceramic compositions at a firing temperature of 1000 ° C, consisting in the occurrence of solid and solid-liquid phase sintering processes at which the phase-mineral composition of the compositions determining the production of ceramic pavers with high strength, frost resistance, are studied, were studied. The possibility of obtaining ceramic pavers that meet environmental and operational requirements in order to use them in the improvement of urban areas (sidewalks, walkways, park areas, playgrounds, etc.) has been proved. It has been established that one of the predominant properties of ceramic paving stones is their significant porosity (up to 30%), which allows quickly absorbing water from atmospheric precipitation and filter it through your body by transferring water to the ground.

This article studies the properties of clay materials of the Turkestan region for the production of ceramic paving stones. The analysis of the obtained physico-mechanical and chemical-mineralogical results and dilatometric studies made it possible to develop compositions of ceramic masses that are most acceptable for obtaining samples of paving stones with improved properties. On the basis of raw materials compositions in the loam-bentonite system of the Ordabasinsky deposit, samples molded by vibropressing were obtained, the physical and mechanical parameters of which have positive dynamics and prove the possibility of obtaining high-quality ceramic paving stones.

The article investigates the drying properties of ceramic mass in the system “loesslike loam - ash of Ekibastuz HPP”. Ceramdor obtained from pure loam was selected as a control sample. A change in the structural and mechanical characteristics of ceramic masses during the drying process is associated with a change in temperature and moisture content of the material. The following results were obtained: molding moisture indicators, ductility numbers decrease with increasing ash. According to the classification of clay raw materials by plasticity, loam from a moderately plastic state goes into the category of low-plastic raw materials. With an increase in ash content of up to 20%, the sensitivity coefficient to drying leads to an increase in the time of crack appearance on the samples. A slight decrease in strength indicators is observed from 5.4 to 4.5 MPa. Thus, the results serve as the basis for the development of technological parameters in order to obtain ceramdor.

The article presents the results of scientific and experimental work on the study of the effect of quicklime in the composition of a chemical reagent on the depth of thawing in season-ally frozen soils in places where pile foundations are driven. The proposed technology provides for the driving of pile foundations without preliminary drilling of seasonally frozen soil, and the use of low-power units for driving piles.