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Microbial fuel cells are bioelectrochemical devices converting chemical energy of organic compounds (i.e. biomass) into electrical energy by catalytic reactions of microbes under anaerobic conditions. The operation of two-chamber microbial fuel cells by Shewanella putrefaciens and mesophilic anaerobic sludge was studied comparatively, using xylose and glucose as solo substrates during the experiments. It was found that higher electric power was generated by the multicultural system than by the monoculture.