General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.-Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research-You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain-You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.

This paper argues that it is wrong to require that regressing the outputs of a trace-driven simulation on the observed real outcomes should give a 45° (unit slope) line through the origin (zero intercept). This note proposes instead an alternative requirement: the responses of the simulated and the real systems should have the same means and the same variances. To test statistically whether this requirement is satisfied, a novel procedure is derived: regress the differences between simulated and real responses on their associated sums, and test whether the resulting intercept and slope are both zero. This novel but simple test assumes identically, independently, and normally distributed outputs of the real system and the simulated system. The old and the new procedures are investigated in extensive Monte Carlo experiments that simulate M/M/1 queueing systems. The conclusions are: (i) the naive intuitive test rejects a valid simulation model substantially more often than the novel test does; (ii) the naive test shows "perverse" behavior within a certain domain: the worse the simulation model, the higher its estimated probability of acceptance; and (iii) the novel test does not reject a valid simulation model too often (its type I error probability is correct), provided the queueing response is transformed appropriately to obtain (nearly) normally distributed responses.Correlation, Paired Observations, Goodness-of-Fit, Type II Error, Power, Simultaneous Tests

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract