Recent researches demonstrate that microRNAs (miRNAs) are deregulated in numerous cancers and involved in tumorigenesis, whereas their influences on pancreatic cancer (PC) still need further elucidation. The present research revealed that miR-494 was significantly decreased in PC cell lines and tissues. Functional study showed that overexpressed miR-494 could remarkably inhibit proliferation of PC cells both in vitro and in vivo, which was due to induction of apoptosis, G1-phase arrest and senescence. Moreover, upregulated miR-494 significantly prohibited invasion of PC cells. Meanwhile, both c-Myc and SIRT1 was identified as targets of miR-494 through dual luciferase assay and further confirmed by the reverse correlation between miR-494 and c-Myc/SIRT1 in PC samples. Furthermore, co-transfection with c-Myc-RNAi and SIRT1-RNAi synergistically reduced c-Myc and SIRT1 expression, and inhibited proliferation of PC, which simulated the effects of miR-494 overexpression. On the contrary, co-overexpression of c-Myc and SIRT1 effectively rescued inhibition of overexpressed miR-494 on PC cells. The clinical characteristics further revealed that low miR-494 correlated with larger tumor size, late tumor node metastasis stage, lymphatic invasion, distant metastasis and poor prognosis. In conclusion, the present study indicated that miR-494 might serve as predictor and inhibitor in PC by directy downregulating the loop of c-Myc and SIRT1.

Subchondral bone has been identified as an attractive target for KOA. To determine whether a minimally invasive micro-scaffolds could be used to induce regeneration of knee subchondral bone lesions, and to examine the protective effect of subchondral bone regeneration on upper cartilage, a ready-to-use injectable treatment with nanohydroxyapatite-chitosan-gelatin micro-scaffolds (HaCGMs) is proposed. Human-infrapatellar-fat-pad-derived adipose stem cells (IPFP-ASCs) were used as a cellular model to examine the osteo-inductivity and biocompatibility of HaCGMs, which were feasibly obtained with potency for multi-potential differentiations. Furthermore, a subchondral bone lesion model was developed to mimic the necrotic region removing performed by surgeons before sequestrectomy. HaCGMs were injected into the model to induce regeneration of subchondral bone. HaCGMs exhibited desirable swelling ratios, porosity, stiffness, and bioactivity and allowed cellular infiltration. Eight weeks after treatment, assessment via X-ray imaging, micro-CT imaging, and histological analysis revealed that rabbits treated with HaCGMs had better subchondral bone regeneration than those not treated. Interestingly, rabbits in the HaCGM treatment group also exhibited improved reservation of upper cartilage compared to those in other groups, as shown by safranin O-fast green staining. Present study provides an in-depth demonstration of injectable HaCGM-based regenerative therapy, which may provide an attractive alternative strategy for treating KOA.

PurposeThe aims of present study are to clarify the follow questions: 1) what constitutes paediatric chondrosarcoma?; 2) what are the effects of the demographic and tumour characteristics on survival in patients with paediatric chondrosarcoma?; 3) which prognostic factors of paediatric chondrosarcoma differ from those of the adult population, which have been reported previously?MethodsPaediatric patients who were diagnosed with chondrosarcoma were searched for using the case listing session protocol of the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 databases (1973 to 2014). The extracted demographic information includes: age, race, gender, year of diagnosis, tumour sites, tumour histological subtype, grade, stage and treatment.ResultsA total of 247 paediatric chondrosarcoma patients were extracted and included in our present study. We find that the paediatric patients have significantly better survival rates than the adult patients. The year of diagnosis, tumour sites, tumour histological subtype, grade, stage and surgery received are independent prognostic factors for the survival rate of paediatric chondrosarcoma patients, but race, gender and age are not.ConclusionThe paediatric chondrosarcoma patients have better survival rates than the adults. Paediatric patients with a diagnosis at an early age, tumour site at the vertebral column and pelvis/sacrococcyx, myxoid variants, high grade, distant stage and who did not have surgery have a poorer prognosis than patients with a diagnosis at a later age, tumour site at limbs, head and base, chondrosarcoma not otherwise specified, lower grade, localized stage and who received surgery.Level of EvidenceII -Prognostic Study

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