Industrial development has led to the indisputable fact that high carbon emissions were brought into Anhui Province. This paper calculates the changes in Anhui's carbon emissions from 2000 to 2015 and analyzes the influencing factors. The results prove that carbon emissions show a stable upward trend, but the growth rate has declined after 2005. Carbon emissions produced by three major industrial sectors: mining industry, EGW (electricity, water and gas) and manufacturing industry, show a growing trend, but growth rates decrease successively. According to the STIRPAT model, five factors, including out-of-province investment, energy consumption structure, per capita income, proportion of output value in the secondary industry to GDP and actual use of foreign capital, are positively correlated with Anhui's carbon emissions, while there is a negative correlation between the proportions of the total volume of foreign trade and the industrial added value of enterprises above designated size (two factors) to total industrial output value. As the structure of energy consumption has long been fueled by coal, the transfer of external industry mainly focuses on projects concerning power plants, steel product processing and coal chemical industry, which are highly energy-consuming, which means these are the main factors driving the growth of carbon emissions.
Objectives: Although the relationship between dissociation and traumatic experiences has been debated, many studies focus on the context of traumatic experiences. Alternatively, basic research that examines the relationship of symptoms of posttraumatic experiences and cognitive characteristics of dissociation as an individual difference among experiencers has been lacking. To address this research gap, this study examines the influence of posttraumatic symptoms and cognition on dissociative experiences given the nature of traumatic experiences. Method: This study administered the Events Checklist, the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Japanese version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory to 1,036 Japanese adolescents. It investigated differences in dissociative experiences according to the presence of and cumulative traumatic experiences. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the influence of sex and the nature of traumatic experiences, posttraumatic symptoms (IES-R), and cognition on dissociative experiences. Results: The results demonstrated no differences in DES based on the number of traumatic experiences. Moreover, this study observed the impact of cognition in posttraumatic experience on dissociation. Conclusions: This study provides essential data on the distribution of dissociative experiences among Japanese adolescents with traumatic experiences and exposure to adversity. Finally, it highlights the importance of focusing on posttraumatic cognitive characteristics, particularly negative self-perception, and discusses the implications to enhance understanding of dissociative experiences. Clinical Impact StatementIn Japan, approximately 60% of young people have some history of traumatic experiences. Of these, those caused by natural disasters are the most common and should be kept in mind. This study raises the importance of "negative cognitions" as an individual predisposition that influences dissociation rather than factors on the traumatic experience side, such as the accumulation and nature (e.g., lethality) of traumatic experiences. Approaching the self-blame and negative perceptions of self that are found in trauma survivors may be an important attempt at preventing increased dissociative symptoms and in trauma treatment.
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