No abstract

The electrical characteristics of lipid films with Au and Hg contacts were investigated. Our results indicate that the conduction is mainly electronic and is electrode limited. With gold biased negatively, the current-voltage characteristics of thin and thick films follow the equations: I = 4.367 exp [9.58(eV + 0.21)(1/2)]. [1 - exp (-eV/kT)]pA, and I = 3.424 exp [8.59(eV + 0.082)(1/2)][1 - exp (-eV/kT)]pA, respectively. For thick films, the conductivity is insensitive to thickness. By temperature and photoresponse measurements the interface barrier height is found to be 1.09 eV. In view of the possible structural disorders in the films, a model is proposed to explain our findings based on the theory of noncrystalline materials. According to this model, the band gap for the film is 2.016 eV and the density of localized states is near the Fermi level, 1.31 x 10(18) cm(-3) eV(-1). The results may be helpful in providing some insight into the speculated electronic conduction in biological membranes.

Currents through thin lipid films were measured versus temperature, applied voltage, pH value, ionic strength and ionic species. All experimental data tend to fit a two-component current theory, that is, the film current composed of a surface barrier jumping current and a surface recombination current. A good agreement was obtained in surface barrier height between theory and experiment.Breakdown phenomenon was observed and is interpreted as possibly arising from avalanche multiplication of ions, most probably from surface traps.

An interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(IPMSM) has been applied to the electric vehicle due to its high efficiency, compact volume, and wide operating speed ranges. This paper presents the analysis of the flux weakening operating regions at high speeds for the IPMSM that has back emf harmonics. The effect of the back emf harmonics on the motor speed and the maximum torque is analyzed. Also the dq currents for maximum torque operation under the voltage and the current limit conditions are analyzed. The conventional analysis and the presented analysis for the flux weakening operating regions are compared and the maximum torque -speeds characteristics for both analysis are verified through the experiment.

No abstract