Cette étude sur les pâturages naturels envahis par Hyptis suaveolens a été réalisée dans la zone de transition guinéo-congolaise/soudanaise du Bénin. L'objectif de l'étude est d'analyser les connaissances endogènes, les paramètres biologiques et agronomiques pouvant permettre de déterminer l'effet de l'invasion de H. suaveolens sur le potentiel pastoral. Les résultats indiquent que le stade d'invasion de H. suaveolens est atteint au niveau des pâturages du plateau. Le spectre des types biologiques varie en fonction du niveau d'invasion et de l'écologie. La phytomasse des graminées varie de 0,37 à 5,62 t MS / ha. Elle est plus élevée dans les pâturages de dépression que dans ceux du plateau. La valeur pastorale est élevée au stade de contamination de pâturage par H. suaveolens. La qualité et la quantité fourragère diminuent avec l'intensité d'invasion. Les éleveurs disposent des connaissances sur la biologie de H. suaveolens et des critères d'évaluation de la qualité des fourrages. Ces connaissances sont valorisées dans la conduite de l'élevage du bétail. L'indice de qualité et le niveau d'invasion peuvent servir d'indicateurs essentiels de la qualité fourragère des parcours envahis en l'absence de toute analyse bromatologique.
5174Chemical composition, in sacco degradability and in vitro fermentation patterns of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Abstract Objectives: In order to select for use as livestock feed, twenty four ecotypes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) obtained from the natural environment in northern Belgium were studied to determine the nutritional value. Methodology and Results: Chemical composition, in sacco degradability and in vitro incubations were performed. One rumen fistulated adult sheep was used for the determination of in sacco degradability and in vitro incubations study. The mean CP content (8.0% of DM) of all the 24 ecotypes was lower. F. arundinacea ecotypes have on average a better potential degradability (a + b) (82.7%) than that of tropical grasses Pennisetum purpureum (64.9%) and Tripsacum laxum (66.8%), but less than that of temperate grasses (Lolium perenne: 90.5%). F. arundinacea showed a high propionate production (234.7 µmol/mmol total VFA). Conclusion: The best of the collection from 24 ecotypes F. arundinacea have been identified for use as cattle feed. The CP contents found for tall fescue are comparable to tropical forages which are generally lower in protein than temperate forage, representing a handicap for their voluntary ingestion. These results imply firstly the need for supplemental nitrogen to F. arundinacea pastures and secondly the use of tall fescue pastures before frutification. Moreover, the association pasture of tall fescue and legumes is also an option. Some variability was observed between ecotypes of F. arundinacea that show on average better degradability than tropical forages, but less than the temperate forage. This advantage of tall fescue on tropical forages is consolidated by an high production of propionic acid and low acetic acid comparable to temperate forage, this is very interesting since propionate can generate glucose, one of the limiting factors for dairy production.
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