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Zirconium oxychloride, a well-known flame retardant, is introduced as a novel mordant for wool dyeing. This has been indicated by mordanting of wool yarns with zirconium oxychloride in different conditions and then dyeing with madder as a famous natural dye. The tenacity, color coordinates, washing, and light fastnesses of the dyed wool confirmed the positive influence of zirconium oxychloride as a useful mordant for wool dyeing with a low impact on the color coordinates. Further, an appropriate washing and light fastness were obtained for the zirconium-oxychloride-mordanted wool yarns. The central composite design (CCD) was used to design the experiments with four variables on the results of tensile strength. Statistical analysis confirmed the optimum conditions obtained through the experimental results.

The thermal degradation of wool treated with the flame retardant synergistic system, zirconium acetate, acid citric, and hydrochloric acid, was studied by thermal analysis, mass loss, the limiting oxygen index (LOI), and the vertical flame test. SEM pictures were provided to study the morphology of the treated samples. The flame-retardant treated wool indicated a decrease in the temperature of decomposition, an increase in the residual mass and LOI, comparing with the untreated wool.The central composite design (CCD) was used for the experimental plan with four variables on the results of flame retardant. Statistical analysis confirmed the optimum conditions obtained by the experimental results.

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