Background: We evaluated ameliorative effects of Jamun seed and orange peel extracts on liver toxicity in cypermethrin exposed rat. Methods: Rats were given following treatments daily for 30 d: Group A: Control Group B: Rats received cypermethrin Group C: These rats received cypermethrin and Jamun seed extract simultaneously Group D: These rats received cypermethrin and orange peel extract simultaneously Group E: Rats received orange peel extract Group F: Rats received Jamun seed extract In respective groups dose of cypermethrin, Jamun seed and orange peel extract were 25 mg/ kg body wt, 200 mg/kg body wt and 200 mg/kg body wt, respectively. Liver was fixed for light and electron microscopic studies. Results: After 15 d cypermethrin or cypermethrin+JSE or cypermethrin+OPE treatment hepatocytes exhibited increased cell size, nuclei became more hyperchromatic and hypertrophied. Degeneration of nuclei and dilatation of sinusoids have been noticed. After 30 d cypermethrin treatment hepatocytes exhibit more pronounced hypertrophy with hyperchromatic nuclei. Few hepatocytes exhibit nuclei with irregular boundaries. Hepatocytes show foamy cytoplasm and few vacuoles. Focal necrosis visible at certain places. Binucleated cells are also encountered. In cypermethrin+JSE and cypermethrin+OPE treated rats, hepatocytes exhibit hypertrophy, hyperchromatic nuclei and dilatation of sinusoids. Degeneration of hepatocytes are seen at some places, however, focal necrosis is not seen in these groups. No noticeable histological alterations are seen in orange peel extract (group E) and jamun seed extract (group F) treated rats. Conclusion: Cypermethrin induced hepatic toxicity can be protected by treatment with Jamun seed and orange peel extract.
Background: This study aimed to investigate changes in Calcitonin Cells (C cells) and Parathyroid Glands (PTG) induced by cypermethrin exposure in rats and evaluate the protective effects of Jamun Seeds (Syzygium cumini; JSE) and orange peels (Citrus sinensis; OPE) extracts. Methods: Wistar rats (N=120) were treated in groups of 20 each as: A. Controls; B. Cypermethrin (CY); C. Cypermethrin and JSE; D. Cypermethrin and OPE; E. OPE; F. JSE. Thyro-parathyroid tissue samples were fixed on days 15 or 30 following each treatment. Results: Cypermethrin treatment in rats either alone or combined with JSE or OPE caused degranulation of calcitonin cells and mitochondrial enlargement on day 15 of exposure. Nuclear volume of C cells in groups B, C and D remained unchanged. On day 30, we found increased nuclear volumes, accumulation of secretory granules and degeneration of C cells. In groups E and F no changes in the morphology of C cells were observed. The PTG cells treated with cypermethrin or CY+JSE or CY+OPE over 15 days exhibited hyperchromatic, elongated and increased in volume of the nuclei. The nuclei of PTG cells treated with cypermethrin, CY+JSE or CY+OPE were hyperchromatic and elongated on day 30. Degenerate nuclei were detected after cypermethrin treatment, and the nuclear volumes were increased on day 30. In groups E and F there were no changes in PTG cells on days 15 and 30 post treatment. Conclusion: Cypermethrin provoked alterations in the calcitonin and PTG cells, with microscopic evidence of protection after treatment with JSE and OPE.
This study investigated changes in calcitonin cells (C‐cells) and parathyroid glands (PTG) induced by microcystin LR (MCLR) exposure to rats and evaluated ameliorative effects of jamun (Syzygium cumini) seed (JSE) and orange (Citrus sinensis) peel (OPE) extracts. Wistar rats were treated as—Group A (control), Group B (MCLR), Group C (MCLR + JSE), Group D (MCLT + OPE), Group E (OPE) and Group F (JSE). Microcystin dose was (10 μg/kg body wt/day whereas OPE and JSE dose was 200 mg/kg body wt/day. Thyroid and PTG were fixed on 15 and 30 days following the treatment. C‐cells of treated rats for 15 days with MCLR; MCLR + JSE and MCLR + OPE exhibit degranulation, mitochondrial swelling and prominent RER. In MCLR treated rats few cells completely lack secretory granules. After 30 days MCLR treatment accumulation of secretory granules and degeneration were noticed in C‐cells. C‐cell nuclear volume (NV) of MCLR, MCLR + JSE and MCLT + OPE treated rats show an increase. In MCLR, MCLR + JSE and MCLR + OPE treated rats PTG exhibit hyperchromatic nuclei, nuclear elongation and increased NV after 15 days. After 30 days MCLR treatment nuclei of PTG become more hyperchromatic, more elongated, show degeneration of nuclei and increase in NV. NV is increased in Group C and Group D. PTG remain unaltered 30 days following treatment with OPE and JSE. Microcystin LR provoke physiological effects on the blood calcium and alterations in C cells and PTG, which cause serious threat to organism. These changes can be protected by JSE and OPE.
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