A biofilm may be a consortium of micro-organisms in which the cells of microbes attach to each other on a living or non-living surface inside a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. The bacterial or fungal colonies invade the surface of the wounds, thereby delaying the healing cascade. The resistance is partially due to low metabolic rate of these colonies, which directly impacts the action of oral or parenteral antibiotics. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop antibacterial agents to regulate the biofilm growth and development. The last few decades have witnessed wide research studies attempting to investigate the anti-biofilm effects of natural products. This review will summarize the wound infections associated with biofilm, mechanisms of bacterial resistance due to biofilm and recent studies on discovery of natural products with their mechanisms for inhibiting various bacterial biofilms that can be a promising candidate which could provide novel strategies for biofilm-associated infections.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sedative and anxiolytic property of the leaves of the Dolichandrone atrovirens (D. atrovirens) The chloroform and ethanolic extracts of leaves were analysed for their phytochemical constituents by phytochemical screening and thin layer chromatography studies. The acute toxicity in albino mice showed no clinical signs of toxicity in the 2000 mg kg-1 dose administration orally. The extracts were orally administered to the group of animals to study the neuropharmacology activity, such as sleep induced by drugs methods, spontaneous motor co-ordination, locomotor activity, hole board test and light dark test. The extracts significantly (p<0.001) prolonged the sleeping time of mice, reduced motor co-ordination and anxiety. The results obtained from these experimental models confirmed that chloroform and ethanolic extracts of leaves of D. atrovirens possess central nervous depressant activity and anxiolytic activity. The ethanolic extract shows better activity compared to chloroform extract.