Over 150 years ago, investigations were started on the vaginal microbiota (VMB). Women's health and reproduction are significantly influenced by the vaginal microbiome. The vaginal microbiota plays a critical role in preserving vaginal health and safeguarding the host against illness. Understanding the variables that affect the bacterial communities' stability in the vagina may aid in identifying the likelihood of developing diseases that are harmful to women's health. Numerous microorganisms can be found in vaginal secretions, and the host feeds them nutrients for expansion and development. The menstrual cycle and sex hormones, contraceptives, and the vaginal microbiome all have an impact on the risk of infection and disease, unfavorable pregnancy outcomes, and the success of fertility treatments. The likelihood of getting diseases including STIs, bacterial vaginosis, fungal infections, premature birth, etc. increases as a result of changes in the vaginal environment brought on by disruptions in the vaginal contact with the microbiomes. Bacterial vaginosis microbiota has been linked to endometritis after elective abortions, pelvic inflammatory illness, vaginal discharge, and poor pregnancy outcomes. There is mounting evidence that a woman's vaginal microbiota composition has a substantial impact on their sexual and reproductive health, including her risk of miscarriage, premature birth, and HIV infection, The review's main emphasis is on a thorough influence of the microbial ecosystem of the human vagina and how they affect women's health and reproductive outcomes in different stages of women's life cycle which involves different vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, cervical and endometrial cancer, etc.