Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a cluster of diseases that involve heart and blood vessels (10). They also include coronary heart disease (CHD), coronary artery disease (CAD), and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This paper aimed at measuring the quality of life after coronary artery bypass graft procedure and determine the factors that affect the quality of life. Methods: Data was collected via a structured close-ended questionnaire in which 100 (male and female, aged 40-60) were questioned. Patients were chosen after underwent CABG surgery 2 to5 years. Results: Carried out as good 36% for their general heath and 24% very good. The activities indicated that there was a significant difference between males and females. Moreover, female participants were significantly different from male (P. value <0.05) in their perception towards own health. Elder participants (56-60 years) were feeling better in comparison with middle age (40-49 years), (P. value 0.002). Conclusion and recommendations: The core domains related with the quality of life, that affected are physical functioning, bodily pain, social functioning and emotion, Therefore, health care specialists must plan for interventions towards improving the HRQOL to decrease the complications of CABG surgery. We recommend the establishment of a special center for rehabilitation of patients underwent CABG. Moreover, providing a further minimal invasive procedure to improve HRQOL.

A hernia is an abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue from its containing cavity. Inguinal hernia is the most common type of abdominal hernias. The presence of the appendix within the inguinal hernial sac is a rare occurrence. We present the case of a 41-year-old man, with no previous surgical history, who presented to the emergency department with a right-sided painful groin swelling. The swelling was associated with nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and fever. Initial laboratory investigation revealed leukocytosis and elevated Creactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. A computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated the presence of an inflamed appendix with an inguinal hernia. The patient underwent laparoscopic repair of the hernia with appendectomy. The patient tolerated the procedure without any complications. Amyand hernia with acute appendicitis is a very rare surgical condition. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for Amyand hernia with appendicitis when they encounter a patient with groin mass with laboratory markers indicating an inflammatory process.

Pressure ulcers are significant and painful side effects that might indicate a lack of care. The formation of a pressure ulcer is a major complication of reduced mobility. And since over 65-year-olds are the fastest-growing sector of the population in many developed countries, it imposes the risk of increasing disease incidences. There are also higher rates of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, which also increase the risk. There are many causes that can contribute to the formation of pressure ulcers; tissue ischemia is the most prevalent route to ulceration. Pressure ulcer prevention generally begins with an examination to determine who is most vulnerable to pressure ulcers, such as the elderly, the immobile, or individuals with a spinal cord injury. Wound dressings, debridement, physical therapy, antibiotics, and antimicrobials are all possible therapeutic options for pressure ulcers. Interventions such as mobilization, positioning, and repositioning, as well as support surfaces, are utilized in conjunction with other wound care methods. In this review we’ll be looking at prevention and management of pressure ulcers.

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The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), has rapidly swept worldwide since its identification in December 2019. As the spread of the disease accelerated both in Wuhan and elsewhere globally, the WHO declared it a pandemic. There is sound evidence to argue that otolaryngologists run high risks of occupational SARS-COV2 among health care workers due to high viral load in upper respiratory examinations. This review article was conducted to determine the effect of the COVID 19 pandemic on the otolaryngology department and residency program in Saudi Arabia. Since the pandemic outbreak, the government of Saudi Arabia has taken severe measures and issued several decisions to limit the spread of the virus. These decisions included operations, procedures, outpatient clinics by prioritizing emergency and time-sensitive cases while rescheduling all electives and routines once. As a result, the residency program was also affected by the substantial reduction of daily surgical activity and preventing endoscopic tests in the clinics, which led to a notable decrease in residents' involvement and risk of procedural skills deterioration which became a concern to many doctors of residency programs. It is difficult to deny that the epidemic will negatively impact. However, adhering to well-prepared guidelines and giving residents an excellent opportunity to overcome the defects will deliver training and patients' care while also protecting safety and health.