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This study aimed at investigating the language situation among the Chaldo-Assyrians in Baghdad. The study attempted to answer the following questions: In what domains do the Chaldo-Assyrians of Baghdad use Syriac and Arabic? What are their attitudes towards both languages? To achieve the goal of this study, the researchers selected a sample that consisted of (135) Chaldo-Assyrians of different age, gender and educational background. The instruments used in this study were interviews and a questionnaire which comprised two different areas: domains of language use and language attitudes. The researchers concluded that the Chaldo-Assyrians in Baghdad used Syriac in different domains mainly at home, in religious settings and in their inner speech; and used it side by side with Arabic in many other social domains such as neighborhood, place of work, media and other public places. The study revealed that the attitudes of the Chaldo-Assyrians towards Syriac and Arabic were highly positive. Finally, the researchers recommended conducting similar studies on other ethnic groups in Baghdad like Turkumans, Kurds, Armenians and Sabians.

This study aimed at investigating the motivational level of English language teachers in Jordan. To achieve the goal of the study, the researchers used an English language teachers' questionnaire. A sample of one hundred English language teachers that teach in secondary schools from Amman Second Educational Directorate had been purposively selected to respond to the questionnaire. Data obtained indicated that the Ministry of Education, the school principals, the English language supervisors, the teachers' colleagues and their students do not motivate the English language teachers in the Jordanian public secondary schools. The study also showed that the teachers of English language are motivated because they like their jobs, and teaching will help them in their future. Teaching also gives them security for their families and it is prestigious to be an English language teacher.

This study aimed at investigating the problems that Jordanian graduate students majoring in the English language faced when translating culture-bound expressions. To achieve the goal of this study, the researchers selected a random sample that comprised 60 graduate students who were enrolled in the M.A program in three Jordanian universities during the second semester 2009/2010. The researchers designed a translation test that consists of 20 statements which M.A students were asked to translate from Arabic into English. Each statement contained a culture-bound expression based on Newmark's categorization of cultural terms. Proverbs, idioms, collocations and metaphors were extracted from different cultural materials, i.e., legal, historical, religious, social... etc. The researchers also conducted informal open-ended interviews with experts in the field of translation to yield additional information from the experts' point of view regarding these problems, their causes and solutions. The results of the study revealed that graduate students encounter different kinds of problems when translating cultural expressions. These problems are mostly related to: 1) unfamiliarity with cultural expressions 2) failure to achieve the equivalence in the second language, 3) ambiguity of some cultural expressions, 4) lack of knowledge of translation techniques and translation strategies. In light of these results, the researchers recommend narrowing the gap between cultures through adding more courses that deal with cultural differences, cultural knowledge, and cultural awareness, especially in the academic programs that prepare translators.

This study aims to identify the various strategies and procedures that translators use in rendering ideological Islamic-related texts from English into Arabic. To achieve this purpose, the researchers have designed a translation test consisting of 10 extracts with ideological content written by Muslim and non-Muslim writers. The researchers have selected a purposive sample of 20 translators to perform the test. Only 16 of them have responded. The results of the test have been analyzed qualitatively and quantitively. The study reveals that two strategies have been used by the translators: foreignizing and domesticating. It also reveals that 12 procedures have been employed by the translators: recognized translation, literal translation, naturalization and paraphrasing procedures underlying the foreignizing strategy and transposition, equivalence, omission, addition, glossing, magnifying, moderating and the label procedures underlying the domesticating strategy.