This paper studied the spatial accessibility of emergency facilities to road accident victims in Federal Capital City to determine the sufficiency of existing emergency health care facilities and rescue facilities in servicing accident victims. This is useful for developing means of saving the lives of accident victims in the Federal Fapital City (FCC). The data used comprised of Nigerian Sat II 2013 multispectral imagery (5 m multispectral and 2.5 m Panchromatic) of FCC obtained from the National Space Research and Development Agency (NARSDA), coordinates of seventy (70) accident black spots, five (5) zebra points and sixteen ( 16) emergency health care facilities obtained from Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC). ArcGIS 10.0 software was used to display, visualize, identify and extract features from the imagery, and create maps from different layers of the spatial data, choose colors and symbols, create buffer zones, analyze spatial relationships, and design map layouts. Purposeful sampling method was adopted to administer 99 questionnaires to accident victims in the hospitals within the FCC. The spatial data were used to determine the time of rescue, type of rescue and coverage time of rescue operation. The statistical data were used to assess the spatio-temporal distribution of accidents and determine the level of response by the rescue teams. The results show that accident victims have adequate access to health facilities but inadequate access to zebra points, and passers-by have more effective accident response than the government action agencies. Specific points for the creation of additional zebra points were identified through buffering, and the creation of sustainable Good Samaritan programs and training for community persons in first aid were suggested. Meanwhile, further research to determine the impact of time of rescue, type of rescue and category of hospital on the accident victims was suggested.

Abuja is witnessing an upsurge of victims from Road Traffic Crash (RTC) which is mostly due to the attendant rapid increase in the volume of vehicles, traffic jams, bad driving, over speeding, insufficient road signs and bad conditions of vehicles that ply the roads. The problem is compounded by a lack of early emergency response. Geographic Information System (GIS) based travel time model was applied in the street network analysis to identify RTC black spots that are outside the close reach of Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) rescue points/health facilities in Federal Capital City (FCC). Five minutes, Ten minutes and Fifteen minutes travel times were used as the impedance factor. Remote Sensing and GIS techniques were used to carry out network analysis. This was achieved by conducting the closest facility operation in the ArcGIS network analyst extension using the time of travel from each FRSC zebra point location to the RTC black spot zones/health facility. The results were presented on road network maps and bar graphs. The areas where quick response and medical facilities are insufficient were identified. It was concluded that the available health centres can sufficiently service RTC black spots in FCC, but the FRSC zebra points are insufficient which renders rescue operations inefficient and thereby exposes RTC victims to more danger. In order to ensure that there is sufficient coverage for response times, it was suggested that additional zebra points be created.

This study aimed at determining the spatial patterns of Road Traffic Crash (RTC) black spots, Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) zebra points and emergency health care facilities in Federal Capital City (FCC). The aim was to provide stakeholders with information that will aid their understanding of accident prone locations and accessible rescue possibilities for accident victims on the roads in FCT. GPS Map 76S Mark (GARMIN) was used to locate and pick coordinates of data in the study area. A total of 16 possible emergency health care facilities, seventy (70) RTC black spots and Five Zebra point locations were obtained from FRSC. ArcGIS 10.0 was used to compute the data by plotting the coordinates to produce maps of the spatial relationship and to carry out Nearest Neighbour Analysis (NNA). The result was further used to determine the spatial patterns of RTC black spots as well as patterns of the emergency facilities. Generally, the result shows that the spatial trend is turning towards dispersion. However, there is less than 1% likelihood that the dispersed patterns could be the result of random chance. It was recommended that, the Federal Road Safety Commission should be staffed with trained professionals that can be responsible for accident data surveillance and analysis using geospatial techniques.