Background: Nursing students have extensive challenges throughout their student life which can lead to physical and psychological problems that cause poor educational performance. Mental health of the students is very essential in order to improve their study performance. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among nursing students in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional analytical study was accomplished among Post RN BSc. Nursing students at two Nursing Institutions of the Karachi. Data was collected with the help of validated questionnaires "Beck Depression Inventory tool" through convenient sampling technique. The total sample size was 150 participants. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16.0. Chisquare test was applied to find out the association of depression with demographic variables. Level of significance was considered as at p-value 0.05. Results: The mean age of the student was 29.4 ± 5.67 years of standard deviation. Majority 78 (52%) of the participants were females. All respondents were from the Post RN BSc. Nursing program. More than half 84 (56%) of the participating students were from Semester-III. Only 4 (2.7%) of the subjects were from semester IV. A very high prevalence of depression 114 (76%) was found among nursing students. Among them, 63 (42%) had mild, 28 (18.7%) moderate, 17 (11.3%) severe and 6 (4%) were suffering from very severe depression. Participant's age and the semester was found statistically significant with depression. Conclusion: Present study concluded that depression is highly prevalent in nursing students of two different institutes of Karachi. It is equally important to give counseling session to the nursing students to empower them to cope effectively with present psychological illness for maintenance of their highest educational performance.

Objectives: To determine the association of medication administration errors with interruption among nurses working at public sector tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was accomplished at two public sector healthcare facilities Civil Hospital, and Dow University Hospital, Karachi. The study was carried out from October 2017 to July 2018 over a period of 10 months. The sample was calculated by using OpenEpi version 3.0. By taking 56.4% of medication administration errors, 5% margin of error and 95% confidence level. The calculated sample size was 204 of both genders. The subjects both male and female nurses having a valid license from Pakistan Nursing Council and one year of clinical experience were enrolled in the study. The subjects were approached by using non-probability purposive sampling method. Validated and adapted questionnaire utilized to gather the data. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 21.0. Results: In this study, total 204 nurses were included, almost half (52%) of them were male. Majority of (82.3%) study participants had age between 25-35 years old. There were total 716 medications given by 204 nurses. Out of these, 295 (41.2%) were antibiotics, other common medications were acid-suppressive, analgesic and antiemetic 14.5%, 15.9% and 11.2% respectively. Among all 716 medications, 644 (89.9%) were given intravenously whereas only 6.7% drugs given orally. A significant association has been found between medication administration errors and interruption like talking with other health care personnel, patients or attendant queries, phone calls (p-value=<0.001). Nearly 91% of the study nurses who were interrupted during medication committed medication errors. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a significant association between medication administration errors with interruption among nurses. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.287 How to cite this:Raja, Badil, Ali S, Sherali S. Association of medication administration errors with interruption among nurses in public sector tertiary care hospitals. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.287 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Medication administration error (MAE) has been recognized as a serious health related issue that can lead to surge mortality and morbidity. In addition, it may rise hospitalization that, will increase the ratio of the patient. This study was accomplished to determine the missed dose error among nurses working at tertiary care hospitals in Karachi. METHODOLOGY: This analytical cross-sectional study was accomplished at Dr. Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital and Dow University Hospital, Karachi, for the period of six months from February to July 2018. The calculated sample was 204 nurses of both genders. Nurses having one year of working experience and licensed with Pakistan Nursing Council had been invited for the study. The participants were approached by a non-probability convenient consecutive sampling method. The adopted and validated questionnaire was utilized to gather the data. The data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 21.0. RESULTS: Out of 204 subjects, 106 (52%) were male. With respect to age, 168 (82.3%) of respondents had age below 35 years. The percentage of missed medication doses was reported to be 12.3%. In this study, nurses to patients ratio, and timing of medication administration were found statistically significant with missed dose errors p-value≤0.05. CONCLUSION: The study finding showed a small frequency of missed dose errors among nurses working in tertiary care public sector hospitals, Karachi. The majority of missed doses were recorded in the morning shift, and nurses who had more patients ratio.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of educational training related to disaster preparedness among nursing students at Karachi Methodology: This quasi-experimental study was performed in Indus College of Nursing and Midwifery in Karachi. The study was carried out from June to November 2019 over a period of six months. Total sample size was 40. Both male and female final year nursing students were included. The participants were approached by using non-probability purposive sampling method. Validated questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Out of total 40 subjects, 19 (47.5%) were males. A large number 23 (57.5%) of respondents’ ages lied between 23 and 27 years. Nearly half 21 (52.5%) of the participants’ educational qualifications were Matriculation. Majority 34 (85%) of participants did not have any formal education of disaster management. On the other hand, few 6 (15%) study participants had training of disaster management. Significance difference was found between pre and post knowledge score of disaster, burns, flood and earthquake practices among study participant and it is also statistically significant. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is an effect of educational intervention on pre and post knowledge of disaster, burns, flood and earthquake practices among study participants.

Phenomenology is the qualitative research inquiry that explores the lived experiences of the individual. This paper discusses phenomenology as a qualitative research methodology and its roots, characteristics, and steps to conduct the study. The relevant literature was searched using the database library, including PubMed, Google Scholar, PakMediNet, Medline, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature CINAHL. Literature was searched using keywords including phenomenology, qualitative inquiry, roots of phenomenology, steps of phenomenology, and characters of phenomenology. The essential essence of phenomenology is to understand the lived experiences of individuals. The participants truly share the lived experiences which they witnessed.  It is concluded that phenomenology is a qualitative inquiry that addresses the real-life experiences of individuals.