Even though the amount of rehabilitation guidelines has never been greater, uncertainty continues to arise regarding the effi ciency and eff ectiveness of the rehabilitation of gait disorders. Th is question has been hindered by the lack of information on accurate measurements of gait disorders. Th us, this article reviews the rehabilitation systems for gait disorder using vision and non-vision sensor technologies, as well as the combination of these. All papers published in the English language between  and June,  that had the phrases "gait disorder" , "rehabilitation" , "vision sensor" , or "non vision sensor" in the title, abstract, or keywords were identifi ed from the SpringerLink, ELSEVIER, PubMed, and IEEE databases. Some synonyms of these phrases and the logical words "and" , "or" , and "not" were also used in the article searching procedure. Out of the  published articles found, this review identifi ed  articles that described the rehabilitation of gait disorders using diff erent types of sensor technologies. Th is literature set presented strong evidence for the development of rehabilitation systems using a markerless visionbased sensor technology. We therefore believe that the information contained in this review paper will assist the progress of the development of rehabilitation systems for human gait disorders.

<span>The proper mapping in case of allocation of available tasks among particles is a challenging job to accomplish. It requires proper procedural approach and effectual algorithm or strategy. The deterministic polynomial time for task allocation problem is relative. The existence of proper and exact approach for allocation problem is void. However, for the survival of the grid and executing the assigned tasks, the reserved tasks need to be allocated equally among the particles of the grid space. At the same time, the applied model for task allocation must not consume unnecessary time and memory. We applied Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for allocating the task. Additionally, the particles will be divided into three clusters based on their energy level. Each cluster will have its own cluster header. Cluster headers will be used to search the task into space. In a single cluster, particles member will be of same energy level status such as full energy, half energy, and no energy level. As a result, the system will use the limited time for searching task for the remaining tasks in it if a particular task requires allocating half task to a particle.</span>

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Efficient collision arbitration protocol facilitates fast tag identification in radio frequency identification (RFID) systems. EPCGlobal-Class1-Generation2 (EPC-C1G2) protocol is the current standard for collision arbitration in commercial RFID systems. However, the main drawback of this protocol is that it requires excessive message exchanges between tags and the reader for its operation. This wastes energy of the already resource-constrained RFID readers. Hence, in this work, reinforcement learning based anti-collision protocol (RL-DFSA) is proposed to address the energy efficient collision arbitration problem in the RFID system. The proposed algorithm continuously learns and adapts to the changes in the environment by devising an optimal policy. The proposed RL-DFSA was evaluated through extensive simulations and compared with the variants of EPC-C1G2 algorithms that are currently being used in the commercial readers. Based on the results, it is concluded that RL-DFSA performs equal or better than EPC-C1G2 protocol in delay, throughput and time system efficiency when simulated for sparse and dense environments while requiring one order of magnitude lesser control message exchanges between the reader and the tags.

<span>This paper addresses the issue of interruption of Virable Bit Rate (VBR) video streaming over IP network, due to channel quality fluctuation. Specifically, a Fuzzy Logic (FL) Control principle is fused with Adaptive Media Playout (AMP) control to estimate an appropriate playout frame rate, namely FLAMP. Based on the estimation of the playout frame rate, the FLAMP algorithm adjusts the consumption rate smoothly to avoid video stream degradation. Simulation results validate that the FLAMP scheme efficiently reduces the buffer outage probability and provides better visual quality where FLAMP gives 26.5% less ferquence of playout interruption, and 21.6% less variance of distortion of playout as compared to APTA.</span>