Background : Botulinum toxin (Botox) consists of 7 types of neurotoxins; however, only toxins A and B are used clinically. Botox A is used for several disorders in the field of medicine, particularly in dermatology, for cosmetic purposes. It is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and can be used as a treatment to reduce the appearance of wrinkles in the upper areas of the face, elevate the eyebrows and treat problems such as hyperhidrosis, lichen simplex, pompholyx (dyshidrotic eczema) and acne vulgaris. Objectives : This article provides a literature review regarding the general issue of Botox as a treatment for reducing facial wrinkle. Discussion : Botox works by blocking the release of acetylcholine, resulting in paralysis of the local muscles, which usually occurs 24 hrs to two weeks following Botox injection. This effect will last three to six months. The optimal dose of cosmetic Botox in dermatology is 20 units. Botox is relatively safe and does not result in any adverse side effects. However, in certain circumstances, the effect of Botox will gradually resolve, resulting in reduced muscle paralysis over time. Conclusion : Botox is good and safe medicine to reduce the appearance of facial wrinkles.

Background: The conventional drugs for dyslipidemia theraphy needed to be concerned in the usage because of the side effect of the drugs. The Anthocyanin was one of the flavonoid compound that can be used as an alternative theraphy for dyslipidemia. The leaf of the purple sweet potato have been proved containing anthocyanin.Aim: The study aims to know the effectivity of the sweet potato leaf on lipid profile of male wistar rats induced by dyslipidemia feed extract.Method: The study design was pre and post-test control group design. Thirty white male rats were divided into five groups. All of the groups were given high-cholesterol diet for three months. Negative control groups of rats were given only high-cholesterol diet alone, positive control groups were given dyslipidemia drugs and the treatment groups were given sweet potato leaf water extract with the doses of each group were 3cc, 6cc and 9cc. Before and after treatment, lipid profile levels were measured.Results: There was a decrease in total cholesterol, triglyseride and LDL in treatmen group with 6cc and 9cc dose significantly (p<0,05) compared with the negative control group.Conclusion: The sweet potato leaf extract can improve the lipid profile of the dyslipidemia rats. Latar Belakang: Obat konvensional yang biasa dipakai untuk terapi dari dislipidemia masih harus diperhatikan dalam pemakaiannya karena masih adanya efek samping yang tidak diinginkan. Senyawa antosianin merupakan salah satu senyawa flavonoid yang dapat berpotensi sebagai terapi alternatif untuk dislipidemia. Pada daun ubi jalar ungu terbukti terdapat senyawa antosianin yang dapat digunakan sebagi terapi alternatif dislipidemia. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui efektivitas dari ekstrak daun ubi jalar ungu (Ipomoea batatas) terhadap profil lipid tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang diinduksi pakan dislipidemia. Metode: Rancangan penelitian adalah pre and post-test control group design. Penelitian dilakukan pada 30 ekor tikus putih jantan yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok. Kelima kelompok tikus diberi makanan tinggi kolesterol selama tiga bulan. Pada kelompok tikus kontrol negatif hanya diberi pakan kolesterol, kontrol positif diberikan juga obat dislipidemia dan tiga kelompok perlakuan diberikan ekstrak air daun ubi ungu dengan dosis masing-masing kelompok 3cc, 6cc dan 9cc. Sebelum dan setelah mendapat perlakuan dilakukan pengukuran profil lipid. Hasil: Terdapat penurunan pada kolesterol total, trigliserida dan LDL pada kelompok perlakuan dengan dosis 6cc dan 9cc secara signifikan (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif. Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak air daun ubi jalar ungu dapat memperbaiki profil lipid tikus dislipidemia.

No abstract

The kidneys as one of the important body organs have a very important role in maintaining a healthy body. The kidneys function to regulate fluid balance in the body the concentration of salt in the blood, acid-base balance in the blood, and excretion of waste materials such as urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood. Magenta plants (Peristrophe bivalvis (L.) Merr.) contain secondary metabolites, namely alkaloids, saponins, triterpenoids, tannins, and flavonoids as antioxidants. The abundance of antioxidants sourced from natural sources for various diseases is often used as a complementary therapy and is one of the current therapeutic choices. However, the development of natural sources must also consider kidney function during an intervention. The incidence of kidney failure can be caused either by the occurrence of oxidative stress or exposure to drugs and other chemical compounds must also consider the physiological functions of important organs in the body such as the liver and kidneys. This study was conducted to determine the protective role of magenta leaves extract (Peristrophe bivalvis (L.) Merr.) on the kidneys after being given an acetaminophen hepatotoxic dose. In this study, the effectiveness of magenta leaves antioxidants and the safety of use was analyzed by looking at the kidney function in the experimental model of Wistar strain male white rats, using a Randomized Post Test Only Control Group Design. Four treatment groups showed that magenta leaves extract (Peristrophe bivalvis (L.) Merr.) at 125 and 250 mg/kg BW can protect the kidneys with average creatinine levels of 0.63 and 0.75 and with a normal range (0.7 - 1.2). It means that these two groups could protect the kidney function although in the histopathology test only the group administering extracts of 250 mg/Kg BW showed good results. It can be concluded that administration of the magenta leaves extracts at 250 mg/kg BW can protect renal function as seen from serum creatinine levels. Besides, histopathological features can provide a protective effect on the kidneys with the incidence of necrosis in the kidneys of less than 60% of the toxic dose of acetaminophen.

Latar belakang: Taekwondo merupakan bela diri yang banyak menggunakan anggota gerak bawah terutama pergelangan kaki sehingga sering terjadi fungsional ankle instabilitas (FAI). FAI terjadi akibat adanya gangguan dari postural kontrol, keseimbangan dinamis dan fungsi otot. Salah satu latihan yang dapat dipergunakan adalah star excursion balance exercise, namun masih ada kekurangan dalam kontrol postural akibat tidak terjadi aktivasi otot core untuk pembentukan postural stabilisasi. Tujuan: Untuk membuktikan penambahan core stability pada star excursion balance exercise lebih meningkatkan keseimbangan dinamis dan menurunkan fungsional ankle instabilitas daripada star excursion balance exercise pada bela diri taekwondo. Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini adalah randomized pretest-postest control group design, Kelompok 1 mendapatkan star excursion balance exercise dan Kelompok  2  mendapatkan core stability dan star excursion balance exercise. Fungsional ankle instabilitas diukur menggunakan cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT) dan keseimbangan dinamis menggunakan star excursion balance test (SEBT). Dilakukan 3 kali seminggu selama 6 minggu. Hasil: Peningkatan SEBT sebelum pelatihan pada Kelompok  1 sebesar 86,4±6,3 cm, setelah pelatihan sebesar 92,3±6,7cm dan pada Kelompok 2 sebelum sebesar 86,2±6,1 cm, setelah pelatihan sebesar 96,7±7,9 cm.  Penurunan fungsional ankle instabilitas dari peningkatan nilai CAIT sebelum pelatihan pada Kelompok 1 sebesar 20,4±1,8, setelah pelatihan sebesar 23,4±2,1 dan pada Kelompok 2 sebelum sebesar 20,3±2,8, setelah pelatihan sebesar 25,0±1,9. Perbedaan peningkatan keseimbangan dinamis pada Kelompok 1 dan 2 bermakna (p<0,05). Perbedaan penurunan FAI pada Kelompok 1 dan 2 bermakna (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Penambahan core stability pada star excursion balance exercise lebih meningkatkan keseimbangan dinamis dan menurunkan fungsional ankle instabilitas daripada star excursion balance exercise pada bela diri taekwondo.   Kata kunci: fungsional ankle instabilitas, keseimbangan dinamis, star excursion balance exercise, core stability.