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Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are considered a promising cellular network architecture to provide services to the massive number of subscribers. However, in heterogeneous networks, as cell size becomes smaller, the number of handovers and handover failure increase significantly. Therefore, mobility management becomes an important issue in HetNets. In this research, we analyzed the handover parameters, and proposed a novel handover method for heterogeneous cellular networks to minimize the number of handovers and handover failure. In the proposed method, we considered dual connectivity with control and data plane split and Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) transmission to optimize the handover parameters. The reduction of handover improves the network performance and the handover failure reduction improves the user experience. The simulation results show that the proposed handover process significantly reduces the number of handovers in heterogeneous cellular networks.

We introduce an integrated framework for modeling and simulation of ecosystems based on cellular models. The framework integrates cellular modeling, web-based simulation, and geographic information systems (GISs) for data collection and visualization. In this framework, data extraction from GISs is automated; we use the Cell-DEVS formalism for modeling the ecosystem and the CD++ cellular modeling tool within the RISE (RESTful Interoperability Simulation Environment) middleware for web-based simulation. The simulation results are easily integrated with Google Earth data for visualization. We discuss the design, implementation, and benefits of the integrated approach for modeling and simulation in spatial analysis of ecosystem services. We show different case studies in the area of ecological systems, demonstrating how to apply the framework, its usability, and flexibility. We focus on the use of models available in remote servers, their integration with GIS data for inputs, and georeferenced visualization of the results. We show how the modeling methods based on DEVS and their modular interfaces make it easy to build such an architecture and we discuss its application to the field of environmental systems.

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