No abstract

One of the causes of autism disease is known to be the contamination of lead compounds for pregnant women or the children. The purpose of the research is to be proven the effect of lead ions by in vivo method on the samples of rabbit blood using cyclic voltammetric technique and to identify the effect of the antioxidant reagent namely propolis compound. The electrochemical analysis method was used in this study by cyclic voltammetric technique to determine the effect of propolis on the oxidation current peak of lead ions in blood medium (samples of rabbit blood). It was found that propolis compound acts as antioxidative reagent to reduce the oxidation current peak of lead ions to minimize value of current, it means that propolis compound is doing to eliminating the effect of lead ions in the blood and preventing it from precipitating the lead ions on the brain through the stream of blood in the animal body.

In this study, a novel three-dimensional porous scaffold was fabricated from nano particles (CaCO 3 ) with the micro-macro architecture for the purpose of bone repair, and their material properties were evaluated in vitro. Ideally, scaffold should have the following characteristics: biocompatible and biodegradable, suitable surface chemistry and highly porosity, with an interconnected pore net work. The method may not only accomplish the bone formation on the base of template (scaffold), but also optimize the mechanical properties of new formation. For the in vitro the cells were subculture for 5 weeks on the scaffold. The ability of cells to proliferate on this scaffold was assessed by a osteoblasts cells presented a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposits were observed at 21 days. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of many osteoblast-like cells with development of calcification of the dense collagenous fibril network and bone matrix-like tissue were observed in many area of scaffold, resulting in the formation of bone-like tissue containing osteocyte-like cells. The scaffold properties was characterised by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Compression mechanical tests.