The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of the various tissue types in Rosa damascena and determine the seasonal variations. The existence of statistically significant differences in the specific activities of enzymes among R. damascena accessions and tissue type was observed annually. The content of enhanced peroxidase and catalase in leaves has been shown to undergo seasonal changes with relatively low levels on young leaves in spring and strong activities on mature leaves in autumn. Meanwhile, the expansion of season from spring to winter showed a decrease in twig peroxidase activity, but catalase activities enhanced before raining in the autumn and then it decreased. Based on the results, R. damascena tissues, such as leaves and twigs indicated different responses including activation of antioxidative enzymes to seasonal change and during acclimatization to environment. There were significant differences in the specific activities of enzymes among R. damascena accessions.

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This effort aims to set new record and study the activities of two metabolically important distinct antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and amylase in leaves and twigs of Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.). This research is done in various seasons to trace the seasonal shifts in plant metabolism. The results of our experimental work would be indicative of the seasonal variation patterns of R. damascena accessions in the concentration/activity of the estimated enzymes, which would in turn determine their functional importance in two types of tissues. SOD and amylase activities of leaves changed annually in the same condition and the first year had higher activities than the second year, except Kerman and Kermanshah. The content of SOD in leaf showed the strongest levels at 50% flowering in spring and the lowest ones were cleared in summer. The highest amylase levels were obtained at the warmest time in summer, while the lowest levels were obtained in autumn. These results elucidated that SOD activities were stronger than amylase activities among accessions in three phenological stages. There were evident differences between SOD and amylase activities in tissues. So, results elucidated that SOD activities in twigs were higher than leaf except in Kerman1 and Kermanshah1. Meanwhile, this research showed the strongest amylase activities in leaf. Enzyme activities in twig expressed variation among accessions and four phenological stages with high interactions. Overall, results determined that SOD activities were highest in comparison to amylase in twig.

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