BackgroundThe Yeşilli district (Mardin) is located in the southeastern of Turkey and hosts different cultures. The objective of this study was to record the traditional knowledge of wild edible plants used by indigenous people in Yeşilli, where no ethnobotanical studies have been conducted previously.MethodsAn ethnobotanical study was carried out in Yeşilli district in March 2017–March 2019 to document the traditional knowledge of wild edible plants. The data were collected by interviewing 62 informants. Additionally, the data were analysed based on the cultural importance index (CI) and factor informant consensus (FİC) to determine the cultural significance of wild edible plants and knowledge of wild edible plants among the informants.ResultsWe documented 74 wild edible taxa belonging to 31 families and 57 genera in the present study. The richness of the wild edible taxa was highest for vegetables (46 taxa), followed by medicinal plants (17 taxa) and fruit (14 taxa). The most important families were Asteraceae (ten taxa), Rosaceae (seven taxa) and Fabaceae (six taxa). The most culturally important taxa (based on the CI index) were Ficus carica subsp. carica, Lepidium draba, Anchusa strigosa, Rhus coriaria, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Sinapis alba, Gundelia tournefortii, Notobasis syriaca, Onopordum carduchorum, Malva neglecta, Mentha longifolia, Juglans regia and Urtica dioica. The maximum number of use reports was recorded for vegetables (1011). The factor informant consensus index (Fic) varied between 0.95 and 0.98 for preserved vegetables, beverages and spices and processed fruits have the highest Fic (0.99). We reported for the first time the ethnobotanical usage of 12 taxa as food. We also recorded the use of Allium wendelboanum, an endemic species in the study area.ConclusionThe obtained data were compared with data from other wild edible and ethnobotanical studies conducted in Turkey and particularly those conducted in eastern Turkey. Furthermore, the data were compared with data from studies conducted in the bordering countries of Iraq and Armenia. The present study reflects the cultural diversity of the region, and it is necessary to conduct more studies since it is thought that this diversity will contribute to the economy. This study will enable the traditional use of wild plants as food sources to be passed on to future generations.

AbstractTo investigate CD4+CRTH2+ cells in peripheral blood in advanced stage non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Forty-six patients with advanced stage NSCLC, who are chemotherapy or radiotherapy naïve, and 17 healthy volunteers, were enrolled in this study. The study was performed using flow cytometry and a complete blood cell counter analyser. CD4+ T cell percentage, CD4/CD8 ratio, CRTH2+CD4+ cell percentages, counts, and mean fluorescein intensity (MFI) and hematological parameters were evaluated in both groups. A survival analysis was performed to compare the patients with high CD4+CRTH2+ cell percentage and those with low CD4+CRTH2+ percentage. CD4+ T cell percentage in total lymphocytes and the CD4/CD8 ratio were lower in the patient group than in the control group. The absolute CD8 T cell count was higher in the patient group than in the control group, whereas the total T cells was not different. The CRTH2+ cell percentage in CD4+ T cells (7.96% ± 6.21% vs 3.37% ± 3.55%; respectively; p: 0,001) and the absolute count of CRTH2+CD4+ cells ( 97 mm-3 ± 109 mm-3 vs 37 mm-3 ± 38 mm-3, respectively; p: 0,033) in the patient group were higher than in the control group, but CRTH2-PE MFI values were not different between groups. Cox regression analysis did not show that CRTH2+CD4+ cell count or percentage is an independent prognostic factor. The study found that CRTH2 expression of CD4+ T cells and CRTH2+CD4+ cell number are higher in the peripheral blood of NSCLC patients than in that of healthy subjects. Further studies that explore the biological significance of high CD4+CRTH2+ cells in lung cancer patients, should be pursued.

Modeling of cutting forces by curve fitting method  Effects of cutting parameters on built-up factor  The relationship between cutting forces and built-up factor Figure A. Three different equation types used in curve fitting studiesPurpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of cutting parameters cutting forces and built-up factor during turning operation and to model these effects by using three different equation types. It is aimed to model by establishing a relationship between cutting force and built-up factor with new concepts derived. It is aimed to develop a different approach apart from the cutting parameters in modeling of forces and built-up factor with the models created. Theory and Methods:In the scope of this research, statistical and experimental studies were used. As a result of turning tests performed by using different cutting parameters, the cutting forces were measured and the data were collected. These data were input values for different statistical analyzes and curve fitting studies. As a result of statistical studies, the modeling of cutting forces was carried out by using different equation types. Results:The most effective cutting parameters for cutting forces and built-up factor and the change of forces and built-up factor depending on these parameters were determined. Curve fitting studies were performed by using three different types of equations to model the cutting forces. Equations are derived by determining the correlation coefficient for the types of equations. New concepts based on cutting forces and built-up factors were developed and the forces were modeled on the built-up factor. Control experiments were performed to verify the accuracy of their models. Conclusion:It was determined that the most effective parameter on the cutting forces was the depth of cut and the feed rate, and the increase of these parameters increased the forces. It has been determined that the most effective parameters for the built-up factor are the depth of cut and the feed rate, increasing the built-up factor with increasing feed speed, and the increasing depth of cut decreases the built-up factor. The developed models showed acceptable results.

Talaşlı imalat operasyonlarında ürün kalitesini belirleyen birçok parametre bulunmaktadır. Bu parametrelerin başında da yüzey kalitesi gelmektedir. Yüzey kalitesi; iş parçasının tribolojik, sızdırmazlık, hidrodinamik, elektrik ve ısı iletimi gibi özelliklerini etkilemektedir. İdeal pürüzlülük değerlerinin elde edilebilmesi için kesme parametrelerinin doğru bir şekilde belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada AISI 1050 çeliği kullanılarak üç farklı kesme hızı, ilerleme ve kesme derinliği ile tornalama deneyleri yapılmıştır. Deneyler sonucunda yüzey pürüzlülüğü için en etkili kesme parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Kesme parametreleri ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü arasındaki ilişki, oluşturulan matematiksel modeller ve denklemler ile ifade edilmiştir. Kesme parametrelerinin talaş oluşumuna etkileri araştırılmış ve farklı kesme parametrelerinin talaş geometrisini nasıl değiştirdiği açıklanmıştır.There are many parameters that determine the product quality in metal cutting operations. Surface roughness is the leading parameter. Surface roughness effects the work piece properties such as tribological, sealing, hydrodynamic, electrical conduction and thermal conduction. In order to obtain the ideal roughness values, the cutting parameters must be determined accurately. In this study, the experiments were performed with three different cutting speeds, three different cutting depths, three different feed rates by using AISI 1050 steel. As a result of the experiments, most effective cutting parameters were determined for surface roughness. The relation between cutting parameters and surface roughness was stated with mathematical models and equations. The effects of cutting parameters on chip formation were investigated and how different cutting parameters change chip formation was explained.