Background: It has been reported that ginger is involved in serotonergic system. It seems that ginger effect could be attributed to its active compound or gingerol. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of gingerol on antidepressant-like effects by investigation of serotonergic system in mice model. Materials and Methods: Following pilot study and selection of doses, mice were divided into 4 groups. Receptor antagonists were injected, gingerol was administrated and a trial suspension test was conducted. Results: Administration of gingerol could induce antidepressant-like effect (P<0.001), without induction of changes in spontaneous locomotor activity in the open-field test. Pretreatment of mice with pCPA (preventor of serotonin synthesis), WAY100135 (receptor antagonist), ketanserin (5HT2A receptor antagonist), and cyproheptadine (5HT2 receptor antagonist) prevented the antidepressant-like effect induced by the gingerol (P<0.05). Conclusion: It could be stated that gingerol is involved in antidepressant-like effects through serotonergic system in mice model. It could be recommended to use the gingerol in commercial preparations for prescription as an antidepressant agent.

Introduction:The aim of this study was to determine factors affecting the development of acute cholecystitis toward gangrenous cholecystitis in an Iranian society; so that, the early diagnosis could pave the way for better management of this disorder. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients who underwent cholecystectomy in the educational hospitals of Khorramabad from August 2013 to August 2016 were included in the study regardless of their age range. The diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in these patients was based on the presence of Murphy's sign, mass or pain or tenderness of RUQ, presence of leukocytosis, fever, and ultrasound findings of Cholelithiasis, increased gallbladder thickness, or fluid accumulation around the gallbladder. The data collected in each patient included demographic data, underlying illnesses, positive history and physical examination prior to surgery, early laboratory findings and preoperative imaging findings. Finally, patients were divided into two groups of acute Cholecystitis and Gangrenous Cholecystitis based on pathological findings after cholecystectomy. The data were finally analyzed using SPSS software. Results: 51 patients were examined during the study. Histological studies indicated the presence of microscopic evidence of acute cholecystitis in all patients, of which 19 (37.25%) had histological evidence of Gangrenous Cholecystitis. In this study, nine variables that could be effective on the prognosis of acute cholecystitis and its progression toward the Gangrenous Cholecystitis were identified. These variables included age, white blood cell count, diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease, fluid accumulation around gallbladder, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lipase. Finally, multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression. It was found that the age of was effective in the development of dia betes mellitus. Also, WBC≥15k/cmm were independently effective on the prognosis of acute cholecystitis. Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that high age, diabetes mellitus and leukocytosis Mehrdad Mirzaei Roozbahani et al. Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biomed. Res. 2019, 7(3):255-262 256 | Page could lead to the development of acute cholecystitis toward Gangrenous Cholecystitis, a finding that requires more extensive studies with more sample size.

The article's abstract is not available.