The spin-valley Hall conductivity (SHC-VHC) of two-dimensional material ferromagnetic graphene's silicon analog, silicene, is investigated in the presence of strain within the Kubo formalism in the context of the Kane-Mele Hamiltonian. The Dirac cone approximation has been used to investigate the dynamics of carriers under the strain along the armchair (AC) direction. In particular, we study the effect of external static electric field on these conductivities under the strain. In the presence of the strain, the carriers have a larger effective mass and the transport decreases. Our findings show that SHC changes with respect to the direction of the applied electric field symmetrically while VHC increases independently. Furthermore, the reflection symmetry of the structure has been broken with the electric field and a phase transition occurs to topological insulator for strained ferromagnetic silicene. A critical strain is found in the presence of the electric field around 45%. SHC (VHC) decreases (increases) for strains smaller than this value symmetrically while it increases (decreases) for strains larger than one.

Flexible and economic sensor devices are the focus of increasing interest for their potential and wide applications in medicine, food analysis, pollution, water quality, etc. In these areas, the possibility of using stable, reproducible, and pocket devices can simplify the acquisition of data. Among recent prototypes, sensors based on laser-induced graphene (LIGE) on Kapton represent a feasible choice. In particular, LIGE devices are also exploited as electrodes for sensing in liquids. Despite a characterization with electrochemical (EC) methods in the literature, a closer comparison with traditional graphite electrodes is still missing. In this study, we combine atomic force microscopy with an EC cell (EC-AFM) to study, in situ, electrode oxidation reactions when LIGE or other graphite samples are used as anodes inside an acid electrolyte. This investigation shows the quality and performance of the LIGE electrode with respect to other samples. Finally, an ex situ Raman spectroscopy analysis allows a detailed chemical analysis of the employed electrodes.

Starting from the Holstein model, we have investigated the effects of Rashba spin–orbit coupling (RSOC) on density of states (DOS), electronic heat capacity (EHC) and magnetic susceptibility (MS) of boron nitride-doped (BN-doped) graphene beyond the Dirac cone approximation within the Green’s function approach. By using the self-consistent perturbation theory, retarded self-energy can be calculated. We have found that the band gap (the peak of EHC and MS) of the system increases (decreases) with RSOC and electron–phonon (e–ph) interaction. Also, the Schottky anomaly moves only to the higher temperatures for strong RSOCs and e–ph interactions. Also, our results show that the response of the system to an external magnetic field is scaled down in the presence of RSOC and e–ph interaction.

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