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Mortality, which is inevitable and irrevocable, has been a major threat to mankind. Human-induced fatalities are still distressing in Oku Sub-Division. The degree of exposure of the population is very high wherein settlement and village activities are sited on montane steep slopes which are susceptible to landslides and extreme weather conditions. This is couple with poor access to healthcare. Human-induced mortality triggers and implications on the population of Oku needs to be seriously addressed in contemporary era. As such, this study uses a historical survey and comparative design of field investigation covering a period of 36years (1982 to 2018) to examine the human related scourges of mortality in Oku. Purposive sampling technique was used to administer questionnaires to selected key informants as well as through focus group participants from the entire population. Findings from a Chi-Square Test at 0.05 level of significance and a df of 6 portray that human-induced mortality incidence limits to an extent or is a deterrent to the socio-economic development of Oku leading to the conclusion that rapid population growth and limited space for settlement on the precarious mountainous environment is the key stressor on human life. Educating the population to avoid precipitous slopes susceptible to landslides can safe humanity, ensure sustainable livelihood and increase assets for socio-economic development.

Land resources constitute one of the most indispensable resources and the ultimate prerequisites for the survival and prosperity of humankind on the earth surface. Management is very indispensible for sustainability and livelihoods of resources and population respectively. The aim of the study is to examine the trends of land resource management, and present the implications on land resource sustainability and livelihoods using Landsat images of 1988, 2000, 2007 and 2018 in the Oku-Mbessa Highlands of Cameroon. A historical survey and comparative research designs with mixed qualitative-quantitative research approaches were used to detect the annual rates of land resource cover changes for the periods of 1982 to 1994, 1995 to 2006 and 2007 to 2018, analysed at spatiotemporal levels. Data was collected from 150 household heads using a semistructured questionnaire. Data was analysed using inferential statistics with the F-ratio Test at a 0.05 critical level and a df of 4 to determine the management trends, sustainable and livelihood patterns ushered. The results reveal the calculated F-ratio values for the three periodical trends of 1.09, 1.21 and 2.05 are higher than the tabulated ratios of 0.36, 0.31 and 0.89 respectively. This indicates that there has been a significant increase in the trends of land resource management. Positive environmental sustainable and livelihood patterns were introduced in the management process. This study recommends the need for the government to improve management security at the grassroots level to forestall the inextricable link between resource management, sustainability and livelihoods in the Oku-Mbessa highlands.

The lucid engagements of stakeholders in land management is an essential strategy in circumventing the stakes of land utilisation. This is symptomatic in ecumenes of intricate ecological traits with diverse stakeholders’ management interests. Bui Division of the North West Region of Cameroon, a citadel of stakeholders enmeshed and is manning their respective lands with signatures of rare plausible interaction options in a decentralisation framework. As such, the study sought to assess the stakeholders’ interaction options for land management in Bui Division. A historical and comparative research designs were used to obtain primary and secondary data from 1971-2021. This was through questionnaires, formal and informal interviews from 16.9% of population in 505 households and direct observations with consultation of published and unpublished documents. Data was analysed using inferential statistics with the Anova Test at 0.05 at a critical level and a df of 7 to determine the significant differences in stakeholders’ interaction options for land management. The results reveal the calculated values of 0.9, 8, 3.9, 3.6 and 8.3 higher than the tabulated ratios of 0.65, 0.000, 0.001, 0.002 and 0.000 respectively. This indicates that there were significant differences in stakeholders’ interaction options in land management based on stakeholders’ activities and interests. Multiple stakeholders’ collaborative and participatory interaction options were positively apt in diverse sectors of land management. The study posits that participatory interaction through multi-stakeholders’ involvements and collaborations are the best options to minimise the deprived perceptions of under representation of some stakeholders in land management platforms in Bui Division.

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