Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat kapasitas perempuan dalam menghadapi bencana. Hal ini dikarenakan perempuan seringkali dikatagorikan sebagai kelompok rentan. Kerentanan-kerentanan tersebut, diantaranya disebabkan oleh faktor kultur dan struktur. Namun disisi yang lain, perempuan memiliki kapasitas yang besar dalam menghadapi bencana. Dengan menggunakan teori Modal Sosial dari Michael Woolcock, penelitian ini mengkaji jaringan kelompok perempuan. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perempuan mempunyai sebuah kapasitas jaringan yakni perempuan terintegrasi dalam kelompok-kelompok kerukunan seperti kelompok pengajian muslimat, kelompok PKK, Kelompok Arisan, dan kelompok pengajian yang lain. Melalui kelompok tersebut perempuan melakukan sharing value, berbagi informasi dan saling menguatkan satu sama lain. Keberadaan kelompok perempuan di masyarakat inilah yang merupakan suatu modal sosial yang seharusnya mampu menjadi media untuk mentransformasi pengetahuan perempuan khususnya pengetahuan kebencanaan. Kelompok perempuan mempunyai kapasitas dalam mengkoordinir anggotanya minimal seminggu sekali, kelompok perempuan ini pula mampu menggalang dana dari anggotanya baik dalam bentuk dana Kas dan dana arisan, selain itu kelompok perempuan mampu menjadi media untuk melakukan trauma healing terhadap anggotanya. Kata Kunci: modal sosial, kelompok perempuan, bencana, kapasitas, Woolcock.

<p><em>This study aims to narrate the life of the people of Kampung Merak Situbondo in the enclave area. Using a phenomenological approach to express meaning in experience, this study takes a social setting in Kampung Merak, because this village is very representative as an isolated village both in terms of road access, infrastructure, social access, economy, education and especially this village has a dispute with the National Park. Baluran (TNB) is related to the area. </em><em>This study uses a qualitative paradigm with a phenomenological approach</em><em>. The technique of determining informants uses purposive techniques, with data collection methods using observation, and in-depth interviews. The results showed that the people who lived in this village were formerly workers at PT. Gunung Gumitir, where apart from working they are also building a social system in that location. When the PT's HGU contract expired, the workers were not terminated, but simply left. The workers then continue to build social life, both settlements, agricultural land, livestock, religion and other supporting social systems. The existence of those who have been uprooted from their original place of residence prevents them from returning to their origin. The development of businesses both in the agricultural and livestock sectors has made them more attached to Kampung Merak. Although vehicle access to the village has been closed by TNB, it is difficult for them to send agricultural and livestock products. This includes regulations regarding the construction of houses which are limited by not being allowed to build permanent houses. This does not make them discouraged from continuing to build a life in Merak Village by implementing several survival strategies as farmers, rowdy cattle breeders, as fishermen and strategies to build networks.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: Kampung Merak, Situbondo, Baluran National Park, Survival Strategy, Enclave Area</em></strong></p><h1>Abstrak</h1><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan menarasikan kehidupan masyarakat Kampung Merak Situbondo di <em>enclave area</em>. Menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi untuk mengungkapkan pemaknaan dalam penafsiran pengalaman, penelitian ini mengambil setting sosial di Kampung Merak, dikarenakan kampung ini sangat representatif sebagai kampung yang terisolir baik secara akses jalan, sarana prasarana, akses sosial, ekonomi, pendidikan dan terutama kampung ini masih bersengketa dengan pihak Taman Nasional Baluran (TNB) terkait dengan kawasan<em>.</em> Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Teknik penentuan informan menggunakan teknik purposive, dengan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat yang tinggal di kampung ini dahulunya adalah pekerja di PT. Gunung Gumitir, dimana selain bekerja mereka juga membangun sistem sosial di lokasi tersebut. Ketika kontrak HGU PT habis, pekerja tidak diputus kontrak, namun ditinggalkan begitu saja. Para pekerja kemudian tetap membangun kehidupan sosial baik pemukiman, lahan pertanian, peternakan, keagamaan dan sistem sosial pendukung lainnya. Keberadaan mereka yang telah tercerabut dari tempat tinggal asal membuat mereka tidak kembali ke asalnya. Berkembangnya usaha baik dalam sektor pertanian dan peternakan membuat mereka semakin terikat dengan Kampung Merak. Meskipun akses kendaraan ke kampung tersebut telah ditutup oleh pihak TNB, sehingga mereka kesulitan untuk mengirim hasil pertanian maupun peternakan. Termasuk juga adanya peraturan mengenai pembangunan rumah yang dibatasi dengan tidak diperbolehkan membangun rumah permanen. Hal itu, tidak membuat mereka patah arang untuk tetap membangun kehidupan di Kampung Merak dengan menerapkan beberapa strategi bertahan hidup sebagai petani, peternak sapi gaduhan, sebagai nelayan dan strategi membangun jaringan.</p><strong>Kata kunci: Kampung Merak, Situbondo, Taman Nasional Baluran, Strategi Bertahan Hidup, Enclave Area</strong>

This study aims to analyze the construction of students' knowledge of disaster through curriculum 13. This research conducts in two schools, namely SDIT Harapan Ummat Jember and SD Muhammadiyah 01 Jember. Knowledge of the disaster is vital, especially to children who are in the category of vulnerable people. This study used a qualitative descriptive method. Through the theory of social construction (Peter Berger and Thomas Luckman), the researcher analyzes the data. The development of the student's knowledge acquired from books disaster curriculum 13, which is then developed by teachers to increase understanding of the students. The school is also working with the relevant agencies such as regional disaster management agencies, the University of Jember, and Muhammadiyah Disaster Management Center to provide more in-depth knowledge to their students. In the process, the students acquire knowledge Externalization of the disaster through the materials on curriculum 13 on environment and disaster. Later in the process of objectivation, student's understanding of the catastrophe was strengthened with new learning media provided by the teacher by showing videos and photos on disaster occurrence. Keywords: knowledge's construction, elementary students, disasters, Curriculum 13 Referensi: Berger, L. P. dan Luckman, T. 1990. Tafsir Sosial Atas Kenyataan. Jakarta: LP3ES. BNPB. 2010. Peraturan Kepala Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana No.24 Tahun 2010. Tentang Pedoman Penyusunan Rencana Operasi Darurat Bencana. Jakarta Bungin, B. 2008. Konstruksi Sosial Media Massa. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group. Maarif, Syamsul. 2007. Pengenaln Karakteristik Bencana dan Upaya Mitigasinya di Indonesia. Edisi II. Jakarta: Bakornas PB. Gugus Tugas Pengarusutamaan Pengurangan Risiko Bencana dalam Sistem Pendidikan Nasional. 2010. Strategi Pengarusutamaan Pengurangan Risiko Bencana di Sekolah. Jakarta : KEMENDIKNAS Kunandar. (2013). Penilaian Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Berdasarkan Kurikulum 2013. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada. Ramli, Soehatman. 2010, Manajemen Bencana, Jakarta: Dian Rakyat Maarif, Syamsul. 2012. Pikiran dan Gagasan Penanggulangan Bencana di Indonesia. Jakarta: BNPB Moleong. J Lexy. 2007. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Edisi revisi. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Nurhayati, Anindita, dan Purwawangsa. 2012. Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Sistem Peringatan  Dini             (Early Warning System) Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Kebakaran Hutan Perum Perhutani KPH Pasuruan, Jawa Timur. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika Vol.03 No.03 (149- 154)ISSN 2056 8227 Nurjanah, dkk. 2011. Manajemen Bencana. Jakarta: Alfabeta Parera,             F.M.    2013.   Tafsir   Sosial Atas Kenyataan. Jakarta : LP3ES Peraturan Kepala Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana Nomor 02 Tahun 2012 tentang Pedoman Umum Pengkajian Risiko Bencana. Permendikbud  (2016). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 24 Tahun 2016 Tentang Kompetensi Inti Dan Kompetensi Dasar Pelaajaran Pada Kurikulum 2013 Pada Pendidikan Dasar Dan Pendidikan Menengah Santrock, John W. 2007. Perkembangan Anak, edisi ketujuh, jilid   dua. Jakarta Erlangga. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 24 Tahun  2007  tentang Penanggulangan Bencana. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang hak asasi manusia.

The people in Kabuaran village used to defecate haphazardly. Since a sanitation program for healthy closet was promulgated, the people have been used to using water closet. To date, the village has been renowned as Open Defecation Free (ODF) Village, which is national award endowed to an area where the poeple no longer defecate haphazardly. The present study applied qualitative approach. The paradigm founded the study was criticism paradigm, coupled with the theory of Hegemony and Gramsci domination, adopted from Marx. The research findings evinced that the public behavioural change represented government’s control, actualized by local government. The synergy was a structure operationalized for positive behavioural change to stop haphazard defecating. Numerous innovations and initiatives were carried out by the village government, be it providing public toilet, clean water program, and water closet provision. It was at this juncture that domination mechanism was at work. In this regard, the village government accidentally involved traditional intellects, religious figures, to take part in accruing public awareness, which was done in hegemonic manner through regular Al-Qur’an recital. Keywords: Behavioural change, domination, hegemony, traditional intellects. Referensi: Djik, Kees van. 2011. Soap is The Onset of Civilization. Dalam van Djik, Kees., & Jean G. Taylor. Cleanliness and Culture: Indonesia Histories. Leiden: KITLV Press Foucault, Michael. 2002. Wacana Kuasa/Pengetahuan. Diterjemahkan oleh: Yudi Santosa. Jogjakarta: Bentang Budaya Patria, Nezar, dan Andi Arief. 2015. Antonio Gramsci: Negara dan Hegemoni. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Simajuntak, B., dan Pasaribu I. L.  1986. Sosiologi Pembangunan. Bandung: Penerbit TARSITO. Sphere, Proyek. 2004. Keamanan dan Standar Minimum dalam Respon Bencana. Jakarta: PT Grasindo. Sugiyono, Muhadi. 1999. Kritik Antonio Gramsci terhadap Pembangunan Dunia Ketiga. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Susan, Novri. 2008. Pengantar Sosiologi Konflik dan Isu-isu Konflik Kontemporer. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada. Tilaar, H. A. R. 2003. Kekuasaan dan Pendidikan: Suatu Tinjauan dari Perspektif Studi Kultural). Magelang: IndonesiaTera. Zuriah, Nurul. 2009. Metode Penelitian Sosial dan Pendidikan. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara Rio, Sutanto Boby. 2015. Perilaku Masyarakat dalam Pemanfaatan Sarana Mandi Cuci Kakus (MCK): Studi Deskriptif Warga Desa Candijati Kecamatan Arjasa Kabupaten Jember. Universitas Jember: Jurusan Kesejahteraan Sosial. Munthe, Hadriana Nurhaeni. 2007. Modernisasi dan Perubahan Sosial Masyarakat dalam Pembangunan Pertanian: Suatu Tinjauan Sosiologis. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Harmoni Sosial Volume II No. 1.

This article will talk about solidarity formed by grous society, whe they have same goal to build a social programs and mobilizing the community to care about potential threats Tsunami disaster in Sarongan Village. This research uses research methods qualitative by using a case study approach, as well as using techniques in-depth interviews for the data collection process. Based on the results research shows that there are resources found in group a society where they consolidate each other by building relationships cooperation betweencommunity groups based on social ideology humanity. A social program carried out by the Sarongan community group formed on the basis of te factor of similarity of beliefs seen in conciousness people who care about disasters. The formation of the latter social mobilizing resources, giving rise to disaster response social programs aimed at tackling potential disaster. Social grup such as, Coral Taruna, PKK, and several Village Institutions work together for latter carry out a collective action in Tsunami disaster management as well forming a Disaster Risk Management Forum with the aim of to be a responsive forum in the process of socializing disaster for people public. This is where community’s Working Group was formed then by BNPB formed Destana where It’s membership consists of representative of village community group management Sarongan. Keywords: Disaster, Resource Mobilization, Solidarity, Tsunami