Controllably tailoring alloying anode materials to achieve fast charging and enhanced structural stability is crucial for sodium‐ion batteries with high rate and high capacity performance, yet remains a significant challenge owing to the huge volume change and sluggish sodiation kinetics. Here, a chemical tailoring tool is proposed and developed by atomically dispersing high‐capacity Ge metal into the rigid and conductive sulfide framework for controllable reconstruction of GeS bonds to synergistically realize high capacity and high rate performance for sodium storage. The integrated GeTiS3 material with stable Ti–S framework and weak GeS bonding delivers high specific capacities of 678 mA h g−1 at 0.3 C over 100 cycles and 209 mA h g−1 at 32 C over 10 000 cycles, outperforming most of the reported alloying type anode materials for sodium storage. Interestingly, in situ Raman, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterizations reveal the formation of well‐dispersed NaxGe confined in the rigid Ti–S matrix with suppressed volume change after discharge. The synergistically coupled alloying‐conversion and surface‐dominated redox reactions with enhanced capacitive contribution and high reaction reversibility by a binding‐energy‐driven atomic scissors method would break new ground on designing a high‐rate and high‐capacity sodium‐ion batteries.
Strong intermolecular interactions in 2D organic molecular crystals arising from π–π stacking have been widely explored to achieve high thermal stability, high carrier mobility, and novel physical properties, which have already produced phenomenal progress. However, strong intermolecular interactions in 2D inorganic molecular crystals (2DIMCs) have rarely been investigated, severely limiting both the fundamental research in molecular physics and the potential applications of 2DIMCs for optoelectronics. Here, the effect of strong intermolecular interactions induced by unique short intermolecular Se–Se and P–Se contacts in 2D α-P4Se3 nanoflakes is reported. On the basis of theoretical calculations of the charge density distribution and an analysis of the thermal expansion and plastic–crystal transition, the physical picture of strong intermolecular interactions can be elucidated as a higher charge density between adjacent P4Se3 molecules, arising from an orderly and close packing of P4Se3 molecules. More importantly, encouraged by the strong intermolecular coupling, the in-plane mobility of α-P4Se3 nanoflakes is first calculated with a quantum nuclear tunneling model, and a competitive hole mobility of 0.4 cm2 V–1 s–1 is obtained. Our work sheds new light on the intermolecular interactions in 2D inorganic molecular crystals and is highly significant for promoting the development of molecular physics and optoelectronics.
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