In this work the time-domain solution for transmission through a multilayer wall structure has been presented. A time-domain transmission coefficient formulation for transmission through an interface between two low-loss dielectric mediums with different electrical properties is derived. Both hard and soft polarizations are considered. A novel ray tracing algorithm for multilayer wall structure has been presented with accuracy of ray-traced path as close as order of 10 −5 . Further, in depth formulation for actual refracted angles for different layers of the wall has been presented and exact frequency-domain formulation for transmitted field at the receiver has been obtained. The exact formulation has been simplified under the condition of low loss assumption and this simplified formulation has been converted to time-domain formulation using inverse Laplace transform. The proposed time-domain solution has been validated with the inverse fast Fourier transform of the corresponding exact frequency-domain solution. Further the computational efficiency of both the methods has been compared.

In this study, a rhombus‐shaped patch antenna is proposed using metamaterial transmission line. The motivation of this work is to overcome the problem of low gain while designing miniaturised antennas. The proposed design is based on coplanar waveguide feeding technique. A rhombus‐shaped patch is chosen in this structure in which striplines are provided to connect the ground planes and to obtain the shunt inductance. Asymmetric meandered line inductors are integrated with the striplines for miniaturising the electrical size of the antenna. Further to improve the gain of the antenna in the lower bands, asymmetric ground plane and complementary closed ring resonator have been employed in the proposed structure. The electrical size of the proposed antenna is 0.168λ0 × 0.151λ0 corresponding to the physical size of 25 mm × 22.5 mm, where λ0 = free space wavelength at 2.02 GHz. Considering below −10 dB input reflection coefficient, this antenna operates in three bands covering 1.96–2.07, 4.06–4.72, and 6.43–7.79 GHz. In addition, the proposed antenna exhibits gain of 1.49, 2.68, 2.19, and 4.31 dB at 2.02, 4.48, 6.72, and 7.43 GHz, respectively, in the maximum direction of radiation.

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