Fetuses of diabetic mothers may have structural or functional cardiac abnormalities which increase morbidity and mortality. Isolated functional abnormalities have been identified in the third trimester. The aim of the present study was to assess fetal cardiac function (systolic, diastolic, and global myocardial performance) in the second trimester in mothers with gestational diabetes, and also to relate cardiac function with glycemic control. Mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus referred for fetal cardiac evaluation in the second trimester (between 19 and 24 weeks) from March 2015 to February 2016 were enrolled as case subjects in this study. Non-diabetic mothers who had a fetal echocardiogram done between 19 and 24 weeks for other indications were enrolled as controls. Functional cardiac variables showed a statistically significant difference in isovolumetric relaxation and contraction times and the myocardial performance index and mitral E/A ratios in the gestational diabetic group (p = 0.003). Mitral annular plane systolic excursion was significantly less in the diabetic group (p = 0.01). The only functional cardiac variable found abnormal in mothers with poor glycemic control was the prolonged isovolumetric relaxation time. Functional cardiac abnormalities can be detected in the second trimester in fetuses of gestational diabetic mothers and timely intervention can improve postnatal outcomes.

Virtual Reality(VR) is a novel treatment approach for stroke rehabilitation as it enables individuals to reproduce standard controlled movements to accomplish functional task. In contrast to conventional rehabilitation that is monotonous, long-term and challenging, VR increases patient interest in rehabilitation thereby reduces the boredom and adaptation therefore enhances the visuo-spatial feedback. It has been observed that approximately 65% of the stroke survivors suffer hemiparesis that predominantly leads difficulty in performing daily living activities. Therefore, this study aims to assess the sensorimotor and functional performance in post-stroke hemiparetic patients using VR based gaming system. A total of 81 participants who had first-ever ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke with onset of >6 months, enrolled in post-acute rehabilitation program at Tertiary Care Hospital were included. The VR gaming software named Wonder Tree (WT) © was used for the intervention. All participants were required to play two different games i.e. bucket ball and bubble pop for 15-20 minutes, 3 days/week for the duration of 8th weeks. Participants were assessed on baseline and post-intervention on Fugyl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) and Wolf Motor Function Test (W.MFT) to assess sensorimotor function and functional skills. Participants showed significant improvement in sensorimotor function and functional abilities (p<0.05) after 8th weeks of intervention.

Background: The vital role of the prosthetic dentistry is not only the restoration of function, comfort and health of oral tissues but also esthetics in general. Upper jaw anteriors commonly seen in smile and contribute to the beauty of a smile. This study may help us to determine standard ideal tooth dimension of maxillary anterior six teeth to restore pleasing esthetics. Aim: To determine the mean width, height and width/height ratio of clinical crowns of natural maxillary anterior six teeth. Setting: Department of Prosthodontics, dental OPD LUMHS Jamshoro. Duration: Six months from 2018 to 2019 Design: Cross-sectional descriptive. Methods: A total of 101 Volunteer subjects with maxillary anterior six teeth present in mouth were included in the study. Impression of maxillary arch was made. The maximum mesiodistal width perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tooth and maximum cervicoincisal (CI) length parallel to the longitudinal axis of the maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines were recorded and width/height ratio was calculated. The final measurements were recorded into proforma. Results: The average age of the subjects was 24.74±3.89 years. The average crown width / length ratio was 0.78±0.12mm for right central incisor and 0.78±0.12mm left central incisor. The average crown W/H ratio was 0.63±0.16mm for right lateral incisor and 0.63±0.14mm left central incisor. Similar the mean crown W/H ratio was 0.64±0.16mm right canines and 0.65±0.18mm left canine. Conclusion: The tooth dimension showed high precision in length/width ratio. Since it showed the least variance in both genders, the crown width-to-length ratio was recognized as the most reliable standard. Keywords: Crown length, Crown width, Ideal tooth dimensions, Maxillary anterior teeth.

Objective: To compare early post-operative complications after simple tooth extraction in diabetic patients with and without antibiotic prophylaxis. Material and Methods: This Randomized Control Trial study was conducted at department of Oral &Maxillofacial Surgery Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. The duration of study was from November 2020 to October 2021. A total of 190 patients diagnosed as diabetics were randomly allocated into two groups. Pain, bleeding, infection, fever and dry socket was assessed from1st, 3rd and 7th post-operative days. Results: The average age of the patients was 35.39±6.09 years. Rate of pain (28.4% vs. 12.6%; p=0.007), bleeding (25.3% vs. 11.6% p=0.015), infection (20% vs. 6.3% p= 0.005) and dry socket (18.9% vs. 8.4% p=0.035) was significantly high in group B than group A while fever was not significant. Conclusion: It is concluded that the prescription of prophylactic antibiotics in subjects who got extraction has low incidence of post-operative complications than extraction in diabetics without prophylaxis. Keywords Tooth extraction, Periodontal disease, Prophylactic antibiotics

Maize and millet are the other major cereal grains grown worldwide along with wheat grains and their incorporation in products prepared solely with wheat flours can alter nutritional and sensorial attributes of products positively. Present study has been designed to develop multigrain muffins by utilizing wheat, maize and millet in different proportions i.e., T0 (100% wheat flour), T1 (80% wheat flour, 10% maize and millet flour each), T2 (60% wheat flour, 20% maize and millet flour each), T3 (40% wheat flour, 30% maize and millet flour each), T4 (20% wheat flour, 40% maize and millet flour each), T5 (50% maize and millet flour each), T6 (100% maize flour) and T7 (100% millet flour) treatments have been prepared and investigated for their nutritional profile and sensorial characteristics (performa evaluated on 9 points Hedonic scale). Moreover, storage study of the products was carried on 0, 10, 20 and 30th day of preparation. Data has been collected and subjected to twoway ANOVA by using software Statistics 8.1. The overall mean values for crude protein (6.97%) and crude fiber (1.17%) contents proved to be improved in T3. On the other hand, T3 proved to be good in attaining best sensory scores in aroma and texture. Overall acceptability of T3 remained in good condition on average basis throughout storage period of muffins. So, it has been concluded that using wheat flour in combination with the maize flour and millet flour not only improves the nutritional profile of products but also the sensorial attributes. This product would be a valuable healthy addition in the market for consumers if studied further for launching and commercialization.