Brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) and phrenic nerve injury can sometimes occur concurrently in neonates following difficult deliveries like breech presentation, shoulder dystocia, forceps or vacuum extraction. Phrenic nerve palsy should be suspected in a newborn with respiratory distress and an elevated hemidiaphragm on the imaging studies in presence of the associated risk factors. The right side is affected more often than the left side and most of it is associated with BPBI. We present here a rare case of a newborn baby with a left-sided Erb’s palsy and a contralateral/right-sided diaphragmatic paralysis who recovered from the persistent respiratory distress and feeding difficulties following plication of the diaphragm. The left-sided Erb’s palsy also fully recovered at follow-up examination.

Mullerian anomalies occur in about 0.5% of reproductive-aged women; many remain asymptomatic only being discovered during surgery or on imaging done for unrelated reasons. These result from the abnormal formation, fusion or resorption of the mullerian duct during development. A unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary horn is one of the rarer subtypes, with such anomalies making up about 5% of all mullerian anomalies. Pregnancy in a non-communicating uterine horn (NCUH) is extremely rare, with an incidence between 1:100,000 and 1:140,000. There is a high risk of uterine rupture if pregnancy occurs in a non-communicating uterine horn. We present here a case of a non-communicating rudimentary horn pregnancy, with a successful outcome.

Air leaks are known complications associated with mechanical ventilation, with a higher incidence in more premature babies. Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are the most common ones and the majority would resolve spontaneously without active intervention. Subcutaneous emphysema is very rare, with few reported cases in neonates. We report here a case of extensive subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in a late preterm baby developed while on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) respiratory support.