No abstract

Post-extraction crestal bone resorption and periodontal disease are common and unavoidable which can lead to significant ridge dimensional changes. To regenerate enough bone for successful implant placement, Guided Bone Regeneration has emerged as a predictable method to enhance the bone volume in deficient recipient sites prior to implant placement. It provides sufficient bone volume and adequate soft tissue thickness to enable implants to be placed at the most optimal position from a prosthetic point of view. In the past, nonabsorbable membranes with basic functions such as space maintenance were used with bone graft materials. Due to several limitations of the non-absorbable membranes, membranes of the second and third generation equipped with controlled absorbability, and a functional layer releasing growth factors or antimicrobials were introduced. Moreover, tissue engineering using biomaterials enabled faster and more stable tissue regeneration. The scaffold with three-dimensional structures manufactured by computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) showed high biocompatibility, and promoted cell infiltration and revascularization.

In this work, an eight-channel Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) demultiplexer is designed with a 2D Photonic Crystal (PC) Triangular lattice. The proposed demultiplexer consists of a centre bus waveguide, an isosceles trapezium resonant cavity, and an eight circular ring cavity (CR1, CR2, CR3, CR4, CR5, CR6, CR7, and CR8). The point defect resonant cavity consists of seven rods to drop different wavelengths from eight cavities, each of eight drop waveguides. The design is very simple for realistic systems. The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) and Plane Wave Expansion Method (PWE) methods are used to determine the proposed design's band structure and transmission spectrum. The resonant wavelengths are 1.5441μm, 1.5443μm 1.54449μm 1.5447μm 1.5449μm 1.5551μm 1.5553μm, and 1.5555μm respectively. The proposed device provides a high-quality factor, transmission efficiency, and low Crosstalk. The device's footprint is 451.2 μm2 easily incorporated into a Photonic Integrated Circuits (PIC).

Before following any teaching technique, it is very important to Learn the Learner and then to implement the teaching technique based on the learner's capability. Hence, I propose Learner-centered Teaching methodology [LCTM] or Student-Centric Teaching Technique [SCTT].

Introduction: Crown lengthening is the process by which the extent of supragingival tooth structure is increased. It is used for aesthetic or functional (retention) purposes. Method: Various techniques are used for crown lengthening purpose. It is important to choose which technique should be employed for that particular patient. Techniques such as gingivectomy, flap with osseous reduction, apically positioned flap with or without osseous reduction have been used for crown lengthening procedure. Case Report: This article consists of a series of 3 cases highlighting the technique used and its need according to the demand of the situation. Discussion: Crown Lengthening is a surgical procedure that requires exposure of adequate tooth structure for restorative procedures. The cases discussed here have been treated with different techniques. All cases discussed here were treated in such a way so as to avoid any violation of Biologic Width that can have deleterious effect on periodontium leading to gingival inflammation, loss of attachment and alveolar bone resorption.