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Aluminum matrix composites have gained interest recently because they are more efficient, lighter, and less expensive. The purpose of this current study was to examine the effects of various casting operating conditions, including stirring temperature, stirring time, and stirring speed, on the casting process. Determining the optimum processing parameters to achieve significant outcomes could be the most daunting problem while casting a specimen. Box-Behnken design based on response surface methods was used to investigate the effects of stir casting factors on the mechanical properties of AA6063 - 4 % TiB2 composites. The response's real value, which includes hardness before heat treatment, hardness after heat treatment, and tensile strength, is reflected in the surface plot created by statistical software. F-ratio is often used in an ANOVA table to examine how operational variables affect properties of the material. Dispersion of the reinforcements mixture has been studied and characterized under scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffraction spectrometer. The optimum temperature, time, and rotational speed were 823.662°C, 15 minutes, and 300 rpm. Composite materials made from aluminium 6063 are extensively used in the fabrication of lightweight aircraft components like ribs and fuselages.

Graphene, a two-dimensional crystalline allotrope of carbon, has received greater attention from numerous researchers due to its excellent properties. Graphene could be produced by various techniques, each method has its advantages and disadvantages. In this research article, a novel method using agricultural waste rice husk as a precursor and chemical activation to produce few-layer graphene nanosheets was developed. Traditional approaches significant shortcomings and the environmental concern of agricultural waste have been eliminated. The synthesized material was characterized using FESEM, Raman Spectroscopy, X-Ray diffractometer, UV-Vis absorbance and FTIR analysis. FESEM analysis of the surface morphology revealed smooth edge few-layer graphene. The formation of sp2 hybridized atoms can be seen in XRD spectra at 26.3 degrees. The C=C stretching bonds detected at 1612 cm-1 wavelength are responsible for the graphitic structure.

A recently developed solid-state joining technique called “friction stir spot welding” (FSSW) is used to combine metal alloys with low weldability. Significant experimental work for this study is concentrated on the FSSW of AA6063 and AA5083. The study involved fixture setup and welding pattern parameters for the sizes of the material, all of which were done on a milling machine. A cylindrical shoulder with a concave (10°) square pin profile was taken into consideration using various process parameters. The tool material is heat-treated high-carbon steel. The Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is employed for the experimental model. The influence of FSSW factors including spindle speed, time, and depth was studied, along with the relationship between tensile strength, hardness at the contact region, and hook development, which would be a nominal metallurgical pledge established in the welding zone among the interacting sheet plate. The hook structure was found in the area of contact, and thermomechanical effects were seen in the spot-welding area. It has been determined that the influencing variables are spindle speed and plunge depth. As a consequence, it was determined that a tool spindle speed of 1200 rpm, a time of 25 seconds, and a plunge depth of 0.10 mm offer better mechanical properties. The microstructural analysis of welded region was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).