Se determinaron tasas de pariciones, abortos y nacimiento de crías débiles en rebaños vacunados con la cepa RB51–SOD (B. abortus) para evaluar la mejora productiva y compararla con las vacunas Rev–1 (B. melitensis) y RB51 (B. abortus). Se vacunaron tres subgrupos de 36 cabras cada uno con cepas Rev–1 (1–2x109 UFC), RB51 (3x108-3x109 UFC) y RB51–SOD (3x108-3x109 UFC), cada cepa tuvo un subgrupo control. Se establecieron registros individuales para calcular las tasas posvacunación en dos épocas de pariciones. En la primera, la tasa de partos para Rev-1 fue 66.6 % (IC95%: 48.9–80.9), RB51 50.0 % (IC95% :33.2–66.7) y RB51-SOD 69.4 % (IC95% :51.7–83.0). Los abortos se presentaron en los tres subgrupos vacunados, Rev-1 y RB51-SOD 5.5 % (IC95% :0.9–20.0) y RB51 2.7 % (IC95%: 0.1–16.2). Los nacimientos de crías débiles se presentaron solo en animales vacunados con Rev-1 5.5 % (IC95%: 0.9–20.0). Durante la segunda época, la tasa de partos en hembras vacunadas con Rev-1 fue de 91.6 % (IC95% :76.4–97.8), RB51 94.4 % (IC95% :79.9–99.0) y RB51-SOD 94.4 % (IC95% :79.9–99.0). Tuvieron abortos animales vacunados con cepas Rev-1 y RB51, 5.5 % (IC95%: 0.9–20.0) y 2.7 % (IC95%: 0.1–16.2), respectivamente; en subgrupos vacunados no hubo nacimiento de crías débiles. Los subgrupos controles tuvieron un comportamiento similar a los vacunados. Los animales vacunados con la cepa RB51–SOD no mostraron diferencia significativa con los que recibieron las cepas Rev-1 y RB51, ni con los subgrupos control (P>0.01); por lo anterior, la vacuna RB51-SOD puede generar protección contra la brucelosis y beneficios en la producción de rebaños caprinos.
The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Brucella spp. in a goat flock and the seroconversion of three groups of animals vaccinated with Rev-1 (Brucella melitensis), RB51, and RB51-SOD (Brucella abortus) to estimate the level of protection conferred on susceptible females. Seventy-two animals were used by group. Goats were older than 3 months, seronegative to brucellosis, not vaccinated previously, and kept within positive flocks. Vaccinated animals received 2 mL of product subcutaneously in the neck region. The first block was injected with Rev-1; the second received RB51, and the third group was injected with RB51-SOD. Follow-up sampling was performed at 30, 60, 90, and 365 days postvaccination. The general prevalence of brucellosis for the three groups was 1.2% (95%CI:0.5-2.7). The seroconversion rate by day 30 after vaccination was 77.7% (95%CI:61.9-88.2) for goats vaccinated with Rev-1. At 365 days post vaccination, the percentage of seropositive goats declined to 13.8% (95%CI:6.0-28.6). At day 365 after vaccination, 2.7% (95%CI:0.4-14.1) and 5.5% (95%CI:1.5-18.1) of animals vaccinated with RB51 and RB51-SOD, respectively, became positive. Results show that the seroconversion induced by Brucella abortus RB51 and RB51-SOD vaccines is lower than that by Brucella melitensis Rev-1.
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