Introduction Hepatitis A virus infections are mostly asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, and generally this disease has a benign course and resolves spontaneously. However, intrahepatic and rarer extrahepatic manifestations can complicate typical cases of acute hepatitis. Pleural effusion is an extremely rare extrahepatic entity with 20 cases reported in literature. Case presentation We report herein a recent case of both pleural effusion and ascites accompanying hepatitis A infection in a 5-year-old middle eastern child, diagnosed using serological testing and imaging studies, who was treated with supportive management with full resolution after 2 weeks. In addition, we review available literature regarding hepatitis A virus associated with pleural effusion using PubMed and summarize all reported cases in a comprehensive table. Results Literature contains 20 reported cases of serology-confirmed hepatitis A virus presenting with pleural effusion, most in the pediatric population with average age at presentation of 9 years 8 months. The majority of reported patients had right-sided pleural effusion (50%) or bilateral effusion (45%), while only 5% presented with pleural effusion on the left side. Hepatomegaly and ascites occurred concurrently in 80% and 70% respectively. Supportive treatment without invasive procedures (except one chylothorax case) yielded complete recovery in 95% of cases, while only one case progressed to fulminant liver failure followed by death. Conclusion Acute hepatitis A virus rarely presents with pleural effusion, usually following a benign course with spontaneous resolution in most patients. Pleural effusion does not change the prognosis or require any invasive treatment. Thus, further invasive procedures are not recommended and would only complicate this self-resolving benign condition.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder of the skin. The most common subtype of CTCL in pediatrics is mycosis fungoides (MF). There are multiple variants of MF. The hypopigmented variant represents more than 50% of MF cases in pediatrics. Misdiagnosis of MF can occur because it may resemble other benign skin pathologies. This is a case of an 11-year-old Palestinian boy presented with generalized nonpruritic hypopigmented maculopapular patches with progressive course for 9-months. Biopsy samples from a hypopigmented patch revealed appearances diagnostic of MF. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD3 and CD7 (partial) and a mixture of CD4 and CD8 positive cells. The patient’s case was managed with narrowband ultraviolet B (NBUVB) phototherapy. After a few sessions, the hypopigmented lesions improved significantly.