This paper will detail how a mature oil field in the South Kalimantan region of Indonesia was revitalised by the use of hydraulic fracturing. The Tanjung Raya field is a complex, multilayered, mature oil field. This field was initially developed in the 1960's, with production peaking at over 55,000 bopd. By the mid 1990's, production had declined to less than 1,200 bopd. The introduction of a water flood increased production to a peak of 10,000 bopd, but this quickly declined at an average rate of circa 33% per year. With the introduction of a fracturing programme, based on treating existing and new wells, production has been maintained at a flat 7,000 bopd over the past two years. The hydraulic fracturing program has accounted for 80% of these significant production gains, adding more than 5.7 million barrels of recoverable reserves and extending the economic life of the field by more than 2.5 years. Hydraulic fracturing is a process that is relatively underutilised in the Asia-Pacific region, as compared to North America, Latin America and the Middle East. With a couple of recent noticeable exceptions, the technique is either not considered during field development and redevelopment, or it is used on a one-off, remedial basis. However, fracturing can be an integral part of well design, and an effective tool when the technique is applied systematically by practitioners who understand its capabilities; as demonstrated in the Tanjung Raya field. This paper will discuss how a significant increase in oil productivity from a mature field was attained with a very high propped fracture treatment success rate. It will also detail how the correct design of fracture treatments can enhance reservoir recovery rates, and fully utilise vertical wells as a low cost, effective alternative to horizontal wells, or to increase well spacing. The paper will also discuss the most significant issues of implementing such a program and how these issues were effectively dealt with in the Tanjung field. Introduction Description of Field The Tanjung structure is located in the northeastern Barito basin in the Southeast corner of Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo), as illustrated in Figure 1. The structure is a large, NS to NNE-SSW oriented, asymmetric faulted anticline, bounded on the west and north by a high-angle major thrust-fault with about 1500m of throw. The approximate dimension of the Tanjung structure is 9 km long and 3 km wide. The field covers an area of about 4000 acres. The Tanjung structure is a very late stage Plio-Pleistocene and is originally a normally faulted structural low, with a thick development of Tanjung formation. During the late Miocene and Pliocene, the Barito basin was subjected to a major phase of compression, thrust faulting, anticlinal folding, and strike slip faulting. This tectonic activity created most of the present day structures in the Barito basin, including Tanjung (see Appendix 1 for structural maps, Figures 8, 9 and 10).
Nowadays many exploration and production companies have high interest in producing deep, high pressure gas reservoirs that contain sour gas. Carbonates in East Java, Indonesia faced challenges related to workover and completion operations that are prone to kick-loss cycles based on the drilling experiences.The presence of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the formation made the completion operation dangerous and difficult to be carried out in the field where is adjacent to a populated area, thereby increasing the requirement and need to prevent the release of sour gases during completion operations.
Based on the observation that the implementation of Disaster Management in Garut Regency has not been implemented optimally. This is evident from the fact that there are still many victims when a disaster occurs so that overall handling is still necessary. The research method used is qualitative. The type of qualitative approach used is descriptive. Qualitative research is a research procedure that produces descriptive data in written or spoken words from people and observable behavior. The qualitative method was chosen considering that this method is expected to obtain accurate data and examine research problems in depth so that the expected results can be obtained. The term gotong royong cannot be underestimated in a foreign language because gotong royong is the familiar spirit of the Indonesian people to unite, cooperate, share, help each other, and feel together to achieve common goals with benefits for all. The term gotog royong is often heard, but this social spirit is starting to weaken, especially in cities. Restoring the spirit of gotong royong today is quite a challenge today. However, participation and participation in a community group are the key to life's values to carry out a strategy in life.
The meaning of "sovereignty is in the hands of people" namely that people have sovereignty, responsibilities, rights, and participatory political obligations to democratically elect a leader who can form a government to take care of and serve all levels of society, as well as electing people's representatives to oversee the running of the government. However, the phenomena that occur are democratic parties, presidential elections, elections, and legislative elections are always colored by systemic money politics. This research using the quantitative method. Primary data were obtained by survey. The writer then describes the public opinion about the Pringsewu District Legislative Council Members' election for the 2019-2024 period on political marketing and money politics. The results showed that 40.37% of voters gave support to legislative candidates for reasons of money.
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