This paper aims at critically reviewing a number of theories and previous studies on the origin of the Javanese mosque. Some theories have been put forward by Dutch archeologists and historians since the 1930s, and were subject to debate until 1960s. Beyond this time, the debate was continued by an Indonesian archeologist in 1962/1963 and a French scholar in 1985. All of these theories will be reviewed as there are some doubts and unclear parts. The problems of each theory will be explained and discussed. Based on this review and critique, the most reliable theory will be asserted with new arguments and some evidence from Javanese temple reliefs.

This paper aims at discussing the historical setting and role of the Javanese Mosques under the Sultanates. The discussion will focus on where the mosques were built and what was the main purpose of mosques constructed under each Javanese Sultanate until the end of nineteenth century. Under Sultanates, many mosques were believed to be founded by wali (saint), sultan, sultan's family, or kyai (Islamic/religious teacher) ordered by the sultan. Referring to this kind of mosque, 71 surveyed mosques will be analyzed by historical setting and roles of the mosque, because there are some varieties in each sultanate. Based on this analysis, this paper argues that there are four types of mosques: Agung (Grand) Mosque, Langgar Kraton (Palace) Mosque, Community Mosque, and Isolated Mosque. It also argues that the historical setting of mosque always has a close relationship with its roles in each sultanate.

This paper investigates and analyzes a typology of the plan and structure of the Javanese mosque and its distribution. The study will focus on the plan of the main prayer hall and the soko guru principle structure (master pillars in the centre of the main prayer hall, supporting the upper hipped roof of the mosque) since these two elements and the roof are the main characteristics of the Javanese mosque. Until today these were generally well-preserved elements. The study investigates and analyzes 127 mosques that were constructed in the 15 th -19 th centuries in Java. Based on this analysis, the paper argues that the main/original mosque type is square in plan with four master-pillars in the centre of the main prayer hall. It also finds and argues that there are many variations on these two elements in its development, but the main type is evenly spread throughout Java Island.

This article is a part of a journey to understand the existential meaning of the Salman Mosque. One of the topics to be raised is the knowledge that the Salman mosque is capable of becoming a reformer in various fields. The focus of discussion is on the design idea and the Salman Mosque as the pioneer for coinage of the term ‘campus mosque’ in Indonesia. The design of the Salman Mosque that brought about a radical change in its beginning, established the Salman mosque as reformer. Through the qualitative approach conducted between 2011 until 2015, information was obtained through explorative interviews with the mosque architects: Achmad Noeman and those involved with the daily activities of the mosque such as: management, members of mosque units and divisions, residents of the mosque dormitory and prominent figures of society. This assessment is expected to be able to provide knowledge on the Salman mosque especially as it is associated with the term ‘campus mosque’.

Bambang Setiabudi, in paper Study on effect of the NPP development toward spatial planning at District of Jepara had been done to support government policy according to governmental rule No. 5, Year of 2006 concerning National Energy Policy which nuclear energy is chosen as one of alternative energy source. The study was done by estimating growth of resident naturally with geometric method, increase of constructing labor pursuant to requirement of standard, and growth of resident as impact of economics growth and then to predict the land use change due to facilities requirement. Research result indicates that change of space pattern of non-agriculture settlement is equal to 15%. It also shows that growth of resident density rises to level of 31-45 person per ha.Keywords : spatial planning, geometric, input-output analysis, policy