Abstrak Otitis media supuratif kronis (OMSK) merupakan inflamasi dari telinga tengah dan rongga mastoid kronis, ditandai dengan perforasi membran timpani serta cairan yang keluar dari telinga secara persisten. Gangguan pendengaran dan kecacatan umumnya disebabkan oleh OMSK. Komplikasi otitis media supuratif kronis lainnya dapat menyebabkan infeksi intrakranial yang fatal dan mastoiditis akut, terutama di Negara-negara berkembang. Penatalaksanaan yang efektif tergantung pada pengetahuan mengenai mikroorganisme penyebab dan sensitivitas mikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola bakteri penyebab otitis media supuratif kronis di Rumah Sakit Umum Universitas Kristen Indonesia Tahun 2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan secara clinical series yang dilakukan dari bulan Agustus 2019 sampai November 2019 di Poliklinik THT-KL RSU UKI dan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi FK UKI. Hasil dari 17 sampel menunjukkan bahwa Staphylococcus aureus merupakan bakteri terbanyak yang ditemukan pada penderita OMSK yaitu 6 (35,3%), diikuti Pseudomonas aerugenosa 5 (29,4%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 2 (11,8%), Klebsiella spp. 2 (11,8%), Proteus spp. 1 (5,9%), Escherichia coli 1 (5,9%).  Kata kunci :otitis media supuratif kronis, pola bakteri. Abstract Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a chronic inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid cavity, followed with recurrent ear discharges or otorrhoea through a tympanic perforation. Hearing impairment and disability are generally caused by CSOM. Other complications of chronic suppurative otitis media can lead to fatal intracranial infections and acute mastoiditis, especially in developing countries. Effectivity of the disease management depends on the knowledge of causative microorganisms and their antimicrobial sensitivity. The purpose of this study is to identify the bacterial pattern that cause chronic suppurative otitis media in Christian  University of Indonesia General Hospital in 2019. This study is using the descriptive method with a clinical series approach, this study was carried out from August 2019 to November 2019 at the polyclinic of ENT-HNS RSU UKI and Microbiology Laboratory FK UKI. The results of 17 samples showed Staphylococcus aureus was the most bacteria found in CSOM patient 6 samples (35,3%), followed Pseudomonas aerugenosa 5 (29,4%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 2 (11,8%), Klebsiella spp. 2 (11,8%), Proteus spp. 1 (5,9%), Escherichia coli 1 (5,9%). Keywords: chronic suppurative otitis media, bacterial pattern

Background: A new concept in understanding allergic diseases is regulatory T cells (Tregs), which control the immune reaction caused by Th2 cytokine production. Forkhead Box Protein 3 (FoxP3) is a marker that has a critical role in the development and function of Tregs. Some studies found differences in FoxP3 level and in Tregs capacity to control immune reactions in allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate FoxP3 level in Allergic rhinitis (AR) patients compared to atopic and healthy/normal persons in Jakarta. Methodology: This study used observation to analyze the level of FoxP3 in AR, atopic and healthy/normal persons, and used ELISA to measure the FoxP3 level. Results: The study had sixty participants divided into three groups: 21 in the Normal group, 16 in the Atopic group, and 23 in the AR group. The mean FoxP3 levels were 0.81 ± 0.35 in the normal group, 3.42 ± 0.15 in the atopic group, and 3.40 ± 0.13 in the AR group. Statistical analysis with Mann-Whitney tests indicated significant differences, with AR and atopic groups having higher FoxP3 levels than the normal group, (p = 0.001), and no statistically significant differences between the AR and atopic groups, (p = 0.92). Conclusion: Our study results suggested that FoxP3 was active in the control of inflammatory processes due to allergies, and decrease level of FoxP3 indicated severe AR, but suggested another mechanism caused differences in the clinical phenotypes of AR and atopic patients, despite them having equally high levels of FoxP3.

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Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the inflammation of nasal mucosa due to the type 1 hypersensitivity reactions mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) and triggered by certain allergens. The latest concept in allergic disease is the role of regulatory T cells (Treg). Interleukin-2 enhances the function and survival of Treg to perform its function as a controller of effector for forming a tolerant system by suppressing and regulating the homeostasis system. Treg has a transcription factor FoxP3 which plays a role in developing major function of Treg and progression to produce IL-10 and TGF-β. The atopic diseases are caused by a deficiency of Treg. The new perspective is low-dose IL-2 therapy towards autoimmune disease and allergic inflammation. Low-dose IL-2 therapy requires further clinical studies to optimize the dose, time, and the schedule of the IL-2 treatment. FoxP3 has the potential to assist in evaluating the active process of immunological process, which cannot be evaluated by Th1 and Th2 markers, and FoxP3 can be a successful immunotherapy marker.

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) Tubotympanic Type is a CSOM without cholesteatoma, limited to the mucosa, and seldom causes complications. According to WHO, the incidence of the CSOM is estimated to be 65 – 330 million worldwide. Prevalence CSOM in Indonesia is 3,9%. According to a survey conducted in 7 provinces in 1996 in Indonesia, most middle ears morbidity is CSOM, especially the CSOM benign type 3%. This study's objective was to identify Profile Benign Type of CSOM at the General Hospital of the Christian University of Indonesia. This study uses a descriptive method and retrospective cross-sectionals. Data retrieval using the secondary database on the patient's medical records. The sample obtained is 60 patients with a total sampling from January 2017 – December 2018. Based on the research result, the highest proportion based on gender is female 33 people (55 %). Based on age, mainly in 55-59 years ten people (16,7 %). Based on the infected ear is right ear 35 people (58,3 %) and based on clinical symptoms, is otorrhea by 46 people (76,7%). Based on risk factor was that there were 53 people (88,3 %) and history of otitis media. Based on the tympanic membrane's perforation, which is a central perforation of 57 people (95 %).