Measurements of gastric volume and motility with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were compared with simultaneously performed measurements with a barostat in six healthy volunteers. Three-dimensional volume and two-dimensional dynamic MR images and barostat measurements were obtained at rest. Alterations in gastric volume and motility were induced by means of infusion of glucagon and erythromycin, respectively. There is strong evidence to have the opinion that MR imaging is as accurate as barostat measurement in determining changes in gastric volume, and it yields additional information about gastric contractions.

Purpose:To assess how computer-aided detection (CAD) affects reader performance in detecting early lung cancer on chest radiographs. Materials and Methods:In this ethics committee-approved study, 46 individuals with 49 computed tomographically (CT)-detected and histologically proved lung cancers and 65 patients without nodules at CT were retrospectively included. All subjects participated in a lung cancer screening trial. Chest radiographs were obtained within 2 months after screening CT. Four radiology residents and two experienced radiologists were asked to identify and localize potential cancers on the chest radiographs, fi rst without and subsequently with the use of CAD software. A fi gure of merit was calculated by using free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results:Tumor diameter ranged from 5.1 to 50.7 mm (median, 11.8 mm). Fifty-one percent (22 of 49) of lesions were subtle and detected by two or fewer readers. Stand-alone CAD sensitivity was 61%, with an average of 2.4 falsepositive annotations per chest radiograph. Average sensitivity was 63% for radiologists at 0.23 false-positive annotations per chest radiograph and 49% for residents at 0.45 false-positive annotations per chest radiograph.Figure of merit did not change signifi cantly for any of the observers after using CAD. CAD marked between fi ve and 16 cancers that were initially missed by the readers. These correctly CAD-depicted lesions were rejected by radiologists in 92% of cases and by residents in 77% of cases. Conclusion:The sensitivity of CAD in identifying lung cancers depicted with CT screening was similar to that of experienced radiologists. However, CAD did not improve cancer detection because, especially for subtle lesions, observers were unable to suffi ciently differentiate true-positive from false-positive annotations.q RSNA, 2010

Background An important parameter for survival in patients with esophageal carcinoma is lymph node status. The distribution of lymph node metastases depends on tumor characteristics such as tumor location, histology, invasion depth, and on neoadjuvant treatment. The exact distribution is unknown. Neoadjuvant treatment and surgical strategy depends on the distribution pattern of nodal metastases but consensus on the extent of lymphadenectomy has not been reached. The aim of this study is to determine the distribution of lymph node metastases in patients with resectable esophageal or gastro-esophageal junction carcinoma in whom a transthoracic esophagectomy with a 2- or 3-field lymphadenectomy is performed. This can be the foundation for a uniform worldwide staging system and establishment of the optimal surgical strategy for esophageal cancer patients. Methods The TIGER study is an international observational cohort study with 50 participating centers. Patients with a resectable esophageal or gastro-esophageal junction carcinoma in whom a transthoracic esophagectomy with a 2- or 3-field lymphadenectomy is performed in participating centers will be included. All lymph node stations will be excised and separately individually analyzed by pathological examination. The aim is to include 5000 patients. The primary endpoint is the distribution of lymph node metastases in esophageal and esophago-gastric junction carcinoma specimens following transthoracic esophagectomy with at least 2-field lymphadenectomy in relation to tumor histology, tumor location, invasion depth, number of lymph nodes and lymph node metastases, pre-operative diagnostics, neo-adjuvant therapy and (disease free) survival. Discussion The TIGER study will provide a roadmap of the location of lymph node metastases in relation to tumor histology, tumor location, invasion depth, number of lymph nodes and lymph node metastases, pre-operative diagnostics, neo-adjuvant therapy and survival. Patient-tailored treatment can be developed based on these results, such as the optimal radiation field and extent of lymphadenectomy based on the primary tumor characteristics. Trial registration NCT03222895 , date of registration: July 19th, 2017.

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