Background: Patients often complain about the esthetic problems of gingival pigmentation. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and recurrence of diode laser 810 nm and cryosurgery for gingival depigmentation. Methods: A total of 12 patients with physiologic gingival pigmentation were selected. The inclusion criterion was the presence of gingival pigmentation of maxillary incisors and the exclusion criteria was the presence of systemic diseases or use of any drugs associated with gingival pigmentation. For further evaluation, photographs were taken before and after treatment within the same position and light. Color analysis was done using the Adobe Photoshop software. Patients were treated by diode laser 810 nm -2 w and on the opposite side cryosurgery was performed. Treatment was done under topical anesthesia if required. The laser beam was activated using the brush technique and in contact mode. Application period differed according to the degree of melanin pigmentation and epithelial thickness of the treated area. Cryosurgery was performed by a cotton swab. The swab was gently touched and rolled on the area for 10 to 15 seconds until the disappearance of gingival pigmentation. All patients were examined 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Results: Data were analyzed using the SAS software version 19. The degree of pigmentation was considered as follows: score1: mild pigmentation, score 2: average pigmentation, and score 3: intense pigmentation. The treatment of gingival pigmentation with laser and cryosurgery showed marked improvement of gingival pigmentation in both methods as well as no significant difference between the 2 methods after 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment. Conclusions: Both methods are appropriate for the treatment of gingival depigmentation and no significant recurrence was observed during the 6 months follow -up.

Background:The different effects of exercise on obesity in obese adolescents have not sufficiently been studied. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of an eight-week rope skipping exercise on interleukin-10 (IL-10) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in obese and overweight adolescents. Patients and Methods:In this semi-experimental study, using purposive convenience sampling 30 overweight and obese teens were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental (height 165.28 cm; weight 85.53 kg and age 13.73 years old) and control (height 164.54 cm; weight 83.02 kg and age 13.93 years old) groups. Then the experimental group performed the eight-week rope skipping exercise program while the control group did not receive any intervention and was only following up. Before and after the exercise, the variables including weight, fat percentage, body mass index (BMI) and the maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2max) in both groups were measured. To assess the amount of serum IL-10, CRP, 48 hours before and after the exercise, fasting blood samples were taken during the two-stage mode. The correlated t-test and the independent t-test were used to compare the intragroup and intergroup relationships, respectively. Results: There was no significant change in the serum levels of IL-10 (P > 0.05); however, the intragroup comparison in the experimental group showed a significant increase in serum levels of IL.10 (P < 0.05). Moreover, the variables of the weight, BMI, fat percentage, V02max and CRP were significantly changed (P < 0.05). Conclusions: A rope skipping protocol increases the anti-inflammatory index, reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, and improves the body compounds and immune system of the obese and overweight teens.