Rationale:Autosomal-recessive dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is a rare clinical disorder presenting as bradykinesia, dystonia, tremor and even severe encephalopathy, and caused by tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency (THD). We report a case of compound heterozygous mutations in the TH gene in a Chinese family with autosomal-recessive DRD herein.Patient concerns:A 16-month-old Chinese boy presented with symptoms of movement disorder and growth retardation in his infant period.Diagnoses:The genetic test revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the TH gene at c.457C>T and c.698G>A, which are pathogenic of DRD.Interventions:The patient was administrated low-dose levodopa.Outcomes:The treatment resulted in the substantial improvement of dystonia. His long-term neurological outcome need follow-up for years.Lessons:Gene mutation analysis is helpful and necessary to diagnose DRD and has important guiding significance for the subsequent treatment.

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