To investigate the effects of maternal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and pre-pregnancy weight status (PPWS) on offspring birth measures and body mass index z-score (BMI-z) in the first year, we conducted a prospective study of 1,096 mother-infant dyads in Guangdong, China, 2014–2015. Multivariate logistic regression was used to test independent/interaction associations of maternal FPG and PPWS with macrosomia/large for gestational age (LGA). Association of PPWS and FPG with offspring BMI-z in the first year was assessed by the linear mixed effects models. For each 1-mmol/L increase in FPG, the risk of macrosomia and LGA was elevated by 2.74 and 2.01 (95% CI: 1.85, 7.60 and 1.54, 5.88), respectively. No main effect of PPWS or interaction association of FPG and PPWS on macrosomia/LGA was observed (P > 0.05). A relation between maternal FPG and PPWS was detected (P < 0.05). Infants of Q5 FPG mothers, those who were born to OWO mothers, had a 0.35 increase in the BMI-z (95% CI: 0.16, 0.55) compared with infants of NW mothers. In conclusion, maternal FPG is positively associated with macrosomia/LGA. Maternal PPWS and FPG considerably interacted for the association with the risk of offspring high BMI-z in the first year.

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Objective To assess the effectiveness, safety, and acceptability of post-placental insertion of GyneFix postpartum intrauterine device (PPIUD) in women undergoing cesarean section (C-section). Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Fourteen hospitals in four provinces of China. Population and sample Women who underwent C-section and consented to the post-placental insertion of GyneFix PPIUD. We enrolled 470 participants, and 400 completed the 12-month follow-up. Methods Participants were interviewed in the wards after delivery and followed up at 42 days, and months 3, 6, and 12 after delivery. Main outcome measures Pregnancy, PPIUD expulsion, serious adverse events, and continuation of PPIUD. Results Nine pregnancies were detected during the first year after GytneFix PPIUD insertion, 7 were due to device expulsion and 2 occurred with PPIUD in situ. The Pearl Indices (PI; pregnancy per 100 women-years) for overall 1-year pregnancy rate and pregnancies with IUD in situ were 2.32 (95% CI: 1.06–4.40) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.06–1.86), respectively. The 1-year expulsion PI was 8.25 (95% CI: 5.63–11.63). The expulsion PI was significantly higher in the first 6 months (12.78, 95% CI: 8.42–18.60) than the second 6 months (2.82, 95% CI: 0.92–6.58). The cumulative 1-year continuation rate was 86.56% (95% CI: 83.32–89.79). We did not identify any patient with insertion failure, uterine perforation, pelvic infection, or excess bleeding due to GyneFix PPIUD insertion. Conclusions Post-placental insertion of GyneFix PPIUD is effective, safe, and acceptable for women undergoing C-section. An ultrasound scan during the first 6 months after PPIUD insertion is recommended to identify any unrecognized expulsions.

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Background. Childhood overweight and obesity (OW/OB) is a worldwide public health problem, and its genetic risks remain unclear. Objectives. To investigate risks of OW/OB associated with genetic variances in SEC16B rs543874 and rs10913469, BDNF rs11030104 and rs6265, NT5C2 rs11191580, PTBP2 rs11165675, ADCY9 rs2531995, FAM120A rs7869969, KCNQ1 rs2237892, and C4orf33 rs2968990 in Chinese infants at 12-month old. Methods. We conducted a case-control study with 734 infants included at delivery and followed up to 12-month old. The classification and regression tree analysis were used to generate the structure of the gene-gene interactions, while the unconditional multivariate logistic regression models were applied to analyze the single SNP, gene-gene interactions, and cumulative effects of the genotypes on OW/OB, adjusted for potential confounders. Results. There were 219 (29.84%) OW/OB infants. Rs543874 G allele and rs11030104 AA genotype increased the risk of OW/OB in 12-month-old infants ( P < 0.05 ). Those carrying both rs11030104 AA genotype and rs10913469 C allele had 4.3 times greater OW/OB than those carrying rs11030104 G allele, rs11191580 C allele, rs11165675 A allele, and rs543874 AA genotype. Meanwhile, the risk of OW/OB increased with the number of the risk genotypes individuals harbored. Conclusions. Rs543874, rs11030104, and rs11191580 were associated with OW/OB in 12-month-old Chinese infants, and the three SNPs together with rs10913469 and rs11165675 had a combined effect on OW/OB.