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The surface microstructure of the current collectors significantly affects the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This study shows that an effective method of orthogonal ploughing/extrusion is to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) microstructures directly on a copper plate used as the current collector for LIBs. Such an on-chip-structured current collector avoids introducing additional layers or components, dispenses with complex fabrication and integration, as well as provides abundant surface structures and morphologies. It is simply combined with mesocarbon microbeads graphite powders to form the anode electrode of CR2032 coin half-cells. Results indicate that the prepared current collector facilitates a high reversible discharge specific capacity of 341.8 mAh g–1 after 200 cycles at a current rate of 0.2 C with a capacity retention rate as high as 98.6%. This performance is significantly higher than the traditional bare copper current collector which maintains only 262.2 mAh g–1 with a capacity retention rate of 79.6% at 0.2 C after 100 cycles. It is proven that the combined microstructures of grooves, burrs, and reentrant cavities formed on the surface of the 3D on-chip-structured current collector effectively improve the electrochemical performance of LIBs in terms of reversible specific capacity, cycling stability, electrical conductivity, and Coulombic efficiency.

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