In this article, a coupled three-dimensional mathematic model is established to describe electromagnetic field, fluid flow, heat transfer and solidification in a round bloom continuous casting mold with electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS). The interaction between the induced flow and the impinging jet from a straight-through submerged entry nozzle (SEN) of the caster is numerically analyzed. The results show that the electromagnetic force appears to be circinate at the cross section of the round bloom. Moreover, the flow of the melt is characterized by a dominant swirling movement along the azimuthal direction in the horizontal plane with M-EMS. However, the swirl flow velocity decreases remarkably when solidification is taken into account. With the increase of stirring intensity, the steady flow becomes unstable accompanying with the bias flow, and the temperature distribution is unsymmetrical in the mold. The significant swirl flow with M-EMS prevents the superheated jet moving downward and weakens the invasion depth of the jet, and thus the location of the hot zone in the mold moves up evidently.

Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells show cytolytic activity against tumor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antitumor effect of dendritic cell (DC)-activated CIK cells in vitro and their clinical efficacy of DC-activated CIK cells in combination with chemotherapy (abbreviated below as chemotherapy plus DC + CIK) in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A paired study was performed between 61 patients treated with chemotherapy alone (group 1) and 61 patients treated with chemotherapy plus DC + CIK cells (group 2). In group 2, 36 patients with adenocarcinoma and 18 patients with squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed for the survival rate. Compared to unstimulated CIK cells, DC-activated CIK cells significantly enhanced antitumor activity, increased the ratio of CD3(+)CD56(+) cells, promoted cell proliferation and lessened cell apoptosis. In the paired study, the 1- and 2-year overall survival rates in group 2 were 57.2 and 27.0 %, which were significantly higher than that of group 1 (37.3 and 10.1 %) (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the survival rate between the adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma patients in group 2. The present study suggests that DC-activated CIK cell has enhanced antitumor effects and chemotherapy plus DC + CIK cells improved the clinical outcomes of chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC patients.

Hepatocellular carcinoma patients who were not suitable for surgery demonstrate prolonged overall and progression-free survival from CIK treatment.

A three-dimensional mathematical model of bloom continuous casting with mould electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS) has been developed. Stirring current effects on induced flow characteristics, heat transfer and solidification were investigated numerically. The results indicate that the electromagnetic force has a circumferential distribution on the plane transverse to the bloom strand, with maxima at the bloom corners. Joule heating produced by M-EMS is very small and can be ignored in the heat transfer calculations. Under the influence of rotational M-EMS, the swirl flow velocity of the melt decreases significantly when solidification is considered. With increasing stirring current, swirl flow intensifies remarkably, which prevents the superheated jet from the submerged entry nozzle flowing downwards and thereby reduces jet penetration into the liquid core. This increases the temperature of the melt in the mould and the temperature gradient at the solidification front, promoting superheat dissipation in the mould and enhancing the percentage of equiaxed zone in the strand.