Tinea capitis is the most common fungal infection in children. The identification
of the etiologic agent helps clinicians make their therapeutic choice. Studies
conducted in different countries show a changing pattern of the main etiological
agents according to their regions. We performed a retrospective study in the
tertiary public service in São Paulo, analyzing the isolated etiological
agents in patients with tinea capitis from March 2013 to May 2015.
Microsporum canis was the main agent (56.6%), followed by
Trichophyton tonsurans (36.6%). Despite recent migratory
movements in the city, we observed no change in the causative agent of tinea
capitis.
Superficial mycoses are fungal infections restricted to the stratum corneum and
to the hair shafts, with no penetration in the epidermis; they are: white
piedra, black piedra, tinea versicolor, and tinea nigra. This study presents
images of mycological tests performed in the laboratory, as well as exams
performed at the authors office, in order to improve the dermatologist's
knowledge about the diagnosis of these dermatoses, which are common in many
countries.
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