Pesq. Vet. Bras. 33(1): 89-93, janeiro 2013 89 doença induzida por Contracaecum plagiaticium e Contracaecum pelagicum em pinguins-de-Magalhães, Spheniscus magellanicus Foster, 1781 (Sphenisciformes: Spheniscidae), na costa do Rio de Janeiro, foram relatadas. Parasitos do gênero Contracaecum estavam presentes em todos os 11 animais estudados. Co-infecção por Contracaecum pelagicum e C. plagiaticium foi observada em três hospedeiros (27,27%). Achados macroscópicos de necropsia incluíram hiperemia do esôfago e/ou estômago em seis animais (54,54%). Um desses animais (9,09%), parasitado por C. plagiaticium, apresentou área hemorrágica na mucosa gás-trica. Os achados histopatológicos demonstraram esofagite com segmento de helminto inserido no epitélio, e discreto infiltrado inflamatório misto com heterófilos e células mononucleares. Estes parasitos podem estar associados a doenças, implicando em morte dos pinguins.TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO: Pinguim-de-Magalhães, Contracaecum plagiaticium, Contracaecum pelagicum, patologia. INTRODUCTIONPenguins are considered sentinels of the oceans, thus studies of these birds provide knowledge of the source and in- ) were reported on the coast of Rio de Janeiro. Parasites of the genus Contracaecum were present in all of the 11 studied animals. Co-infections by Csontracaecum pelagicum and C. plagiaticium were observed in three hosts (27.27%). Gross lesions included hyperemia of the esophagus and/or stomach in six animals (54.54%). One of these animals (9.09%), parasitized by C. plagiaticium, presented a hemorrhagic area in the gastric mucosa. Histopathological findings demonstrated esophagitis with helminthes segments inserted in the epithelium, showing discrete mixed inflammatory infiltrate of heterophils and mononuclear cells. These parasites may be associated with other diseases, implicating in death of the penguins.

The clinical importance of heartworm infection in cats has indeed increased in recent years. Dirofilaria immitis infection has been reported worldwide in cats and continues to be regularly diagnosed in endemic areas. The diagnosis can be overlooked easily, especially in Brazil, where there is not a specific feline immunodiagnostic test, forcing the veterinarians to use a test made for the canine host. In 2015, a 10-year-old female neutered cat was diagnosed with D. immitis using an antigen serological test, based on imunocromatography and designed for dogs. The modified Knott test was negative. As the disease progressed, the cat showed clinical signals of respiratory distress, such as dyspnoea and polypnea in addition to prostration and emaciation, and died a few weeks after the diagnosis. During necropsy, one adult nematode was found in the pulmonary artery. D. immitis infection was confirmed by molecular amplification, performed in the worm fragment. This is the first report of serological diagnosis of feline dirofilariasis in Brazil. A chemoprophylaxis routine in cats should be done, as is done in dogs from endemic areas.