Sleep disturbance is common after traumatic events of various types, such as combat, physical trauma, and sexual abuse, and closely intertwined with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a common outcome of severe and prolonged trauma. This paper reviews the current literature on the significance and characteristics of sleep disturbance occurring in the context of trauma, examines the relationship between sleep disturbance and PTSD, identifies gaps in knowledge relative to the role of sleep disturbance in trauma and PTSD, and discusses the implications of this body of knowledge for clinical practice.

The role of the advanced practice nurse can influence the recovery of clients in state psychiatric hospitals. Future research should consider the impact on clients and their perceptions of the new service models.

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Objectives Minority women living in inner city environments may be at more risk for psychological distress. Maternal stress, anxiety, depression, and psychological trauma can influence the preschool childs behavior and may have a negative impact on the preschool childs sleep patterns. The purpose of the study was to: (a) examine objective and subjective preschool children sleep patterns and (b) explore the relationship between objective and subjective sleep patterns in preschool children and maternal psychological status. Design and Sample A cross-sectional observational design was used. Descriptive analyses and correlations were conducted to examine the data. Twenty-one minority women were recruited from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Program. Measures Preschool children wore wrist actigraphs, and their sleep efficiency, time in bed, and sleep periods were analyzed. Mothers completed measures on depression, anxiety, stress, and psychological trauma. Results Mothers self-report of their childrens sleep habits indicated at risk scores for sleep problems. Life stress in the mothers was statistically significant and negatively related to preschool childs sleep duration. Mild to severe symptoms of depression and mild anxiety were reported and criteria for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder were found in 12 of the 21 mothers. The results of the study indicate that parent education on sleep and the minority preschool child should be part of community interventions and screening preschool parents for psychological distress should be considered with referrals for support services.