Objective: To evaluate the impact of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on the quality of life, immune response, inspiratory and lower limb muscle strength of older adults. Method: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 30 institutionalized older adults. They were allocated into two groups: the IMT group (n=15), which underwent IMT with PowerBreathe Classic, using a load of 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). This was performed using a 30 repetition protocol, three times a week, for six weeks. The second group was the control group (n=15) which did not perform any type of therapeutic intervention. In both groups, MIP, lower limb strength by sit-up test, quality of life by the SF-36 questionnaire and C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated. Results: The results demonstrated the homogeneity between the groups regarding the demographic and clinical variables. The IMT group showed an increase in the variation of MIP (9.20±7.36 cmH2O) compared to the control (0.93±8.79 cmH2O). Improvement was also observed in the sitting and standing test (p<0.05) (Tukey Test) in the difference between the values before and after the IMT. In terms of quality of life, two of the eight SF-36 domains were influenced by the IMT, namely: functional capacity and limitations due to physical factors. There were no changes in CRP in either group. Conclusion: IMT improved the inspiratory muscle strength, lower limb strength and quality of life of institutionalized older adults. These findings reinforce the contribution of this therapy to reducing the deleterious effects of aging.
OBJETIVO: O treinamento muscular respiratório vem sendo considerado uma das principais estratégias para amenizar a sarcopenia em idosos, portanto, o presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar quais protocolos de treinamento muscular respiratório são mais utilizados em idosos e os seus principais benefícios encontrados na literatura. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Para tanto, foram utilizados os termos: treinamento muscular respiratório, idosos e fraqueza muscular. Foi estudado um total de 80 artigos, dos quais apenas 8 preencheram os critérios de inclusão deste estudo, cuja metodologia, variáveis estudadas e desfecho foram analisados. RESULTADOS: Dos oito artigos analisados, podemos observar uma importante diversidade dos protocolos estudados; e em todos os artigos foram encontrados ganhos dos mais variados possíveis com o treinamento muscular respiratório. CONCLUSÃO: Os protocolos utilizados nos diversos estudos dependem diretamente do objetivo a ser alcançado com o treinamento muscular respiratório; e os principais desfechos foram a melhora na força, na função pulmonar, no nível de aptidão física, na qualidade de vida, em marcadores inflamatórios e no consumo da glicose.
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