This study is about how to control the microstructure of dehydrated banana during drying by a multi-flash drying process. The influence of different drying methods and process variables on the formation of fruit microstructure and texture were evaluated. These processes were: a conductive multi-flash drying process, conductive multi-flash drying combined with classical vacuum drying, convective drying in an oven, and vacuum drying. Density, porosity, and shrinkage of dehydrated fruit were strongly influenced by the drying process being applied. Results showed that it is possible to control the porous structure of dehydrated banana by choosing the correct dehydration process.
RESUMO-O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar o efeito do método de secagem sobre a porosidade, encolhimento, textura e microestrutura de fatias de banana. As amostras foram desidratadas por conductive multi-flash drying (KMFD), por conductive multi-flash drying seguido por um período de secagem a vácuo (KMFD_VD), secagem convectiva com ar quente (SC) e secagem a vácuo (SV). Nas técnicas de secagem por KMFD e KMFD_VD as amostras foram aquecidas à pressão atmosférica até 60 °C, quando foi aplicado um pulso de vácuo (5 minutos) na câmara que atingiu a pressão final de 1500 Pa. No KMFD as amostras foram submetidas à 12 ciclos de aquecimento-pulso de vácuo, no processo KMFD_VD as amostras foram submetidas a 3 ciclos de aquecimento-pulso de vácuo, seguidos da secagem a vácuo. As amostras secas por SC apresentaram um maior encolhimento (70%) e menor porosidade (56%). As amostras submetidas às técnicas de KMFD e KMFD_VD apresentaram alta porosidade, 75% e 87%, respectivamente e textura crocante.
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