Areas of 2,800-3,000 m a.s.l. represent the alpine-nival ecotone in the Alps. This transition zone connecting the closed swards of the alpine belt and the scattered vegetation of the nival belt may show particularly strong climate warming driven fluctuations in plant species richness compared to the nival belt. To test this hypothesis, 12 summits within this range were investigated in the canton of Grisons, Switzerland in 2004. Complete lists of vascular plant species consisting of 5-70 species were collected on each summit and the elevation of the uppermost occurrence of each species was recorded. These data were compared to historical records over 120 years in age. Within this time, vascular plant species richness increased by 11% per decade on summits in the alpine-nival ecotone. Despite this considerable change, a comparison with nival summits did not support the hypothesis that species richness increase at the alpine-nival ecotone is higher than in the nival belt. A general trend of upward migration in the range of several metres per decade could be observed. Anemochorous species were more often found to be migrating than zoochorous or autochorous species and migration was higher on calcareous than on siliceous bedrock. A comparison between the summits with the adjacent slopes in our study revealed that changes in species number could be used as an indicator for climate-induced changes-if at all-only for the narrow summit areas.

This article describes the contributions of the German workgroup to the second revision of the HCR-20 (HCR-20 V3 ). In 2009, a beta-testing of draft 1 of the HCR-20 V3 was conducted. The results were considered in the revision process of draft 1. In 2013, an interrater reliability study of the German translation of draft 2 of the HCR-20 V3 was conducted. After a two-day workshop five raters (psychologists) without experience in structured professional judgment each rated the same 30 cases. The selected cases covered a range of diagnoses and risk levels. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) and the percentage of agreement were calculated for each item, each sub item, and the Summary Risk Ratings (SRRs). The interrater reliability of the SRRs (ICC ¼ .86) was excellent. For the item-level ratings of the risk factors, the mean ICC for the H scale items and sub-items was .65, which would be "good." The average item-level ICC of the C scale items (.66) and R scale items (.73) would be categorized similarly. There were some ratings with lower reliability. Possible reasons (lack of variance, or misunderstanding from the training procedure) are discussed.

Zusammenfassung. Zur Überprüfung der Äquivalenz zwischen der computergestützten Version des NEO-Fünf-Faktoren-Inventars (NEO-FFI) im Hogrefe Testsystem und der Papier-Bleistift-Version wurden 220 Testpersonen mit beiden Verfahren mittels eines komplett balancierten Test-Retest-Versuchsplans im Abstand von vier bis sechs Wochen zweimal getestet. Die Äquivalenz der beiden Testversionen wurde sowohl erfahrungsbezogen als auch psychometrisch überprüft. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine hohe Vergleichbarkeit der Verfahren hin: Weder auf Item- noch auf Skalenebene ließen sich systematische Mittelwertdifferenzen identifizieren. Darüber hinaus ergaben sich zwischen den entsprechenden Items und Skalen der beiden Versionen hohe konvergente Korrelationen. Auch hinsichtlich der internen Konsistenzen, der Retest-Reliabilitäten und der faktoriellen Validität erwiesen sich beide Verfahren als gleichwertig. Insgesamt legen die Ergebnisse nahe, dass im Falle des NEO-FFI von einer Äquivalenz zwischen der Papier-Bleistift- und der Computerversion ausgegangen werden kann.